Women may soon be liberated from the burden of family planning, thanks to scientists who claim to be working on a contraceptive jab for men.
In fact, 80 couples are taking part in the trial of the drug which the scientists say will be as effective as the Pill which is often linked to breast cancer and fatal blood clots, the 'Daily Mail' reported.
According to them, the contraceptive, given in two injections every two months, tricks the brain into shutting off sperm production in men.
It contains the male sex hormone testosterone and a man-made version of the female sex hormone progesterone and when the brain senses them, it reduces the levels of other hormones which control sperm production and maturation.
The scientists say it is effective in 99 per cent of cases and sperm counts should rapidly return to normal once the injections are stopped.
Prof Richard Anderson of Edinburgh University, who is heading one of two year-long trials, believes the jab will prove popular with both sexes. But because it will not protect against sexually-transmitted infections such as chlamydia, it is most likely to appeal to those in a committed relationship.
He said: "A lot of women may think it's time men took their turn. When we carried out surveys of women, they were enormously enthusiastic. The single most common reason was they wanted to share the responsibility for contraception."
Though no serious side-effects are expected from the jab, some men may experience hot flushes, mood swings or acne, the scientists say.
Dr Allan Pacey, a Sheffield University expert on male fertility, said male contraceptives had proved more difficult to develop than female ones but researchers were now "homing in" on the right combination of drugs.
He said: "Vasectomy is OK but although it is viewed as reversible it isn't really, so it would be useful to have an alternative. The big sticking point is acceptability. I think there is a lot of education needed to convince men that this jab doesn't make them less of a man."
Tuesday, February 16, 2010
Monday, January 25, 2010
Do You Have These Core Human Skills?
“A human being should be able to change a diaper, plan an invasion, butcher a hog, conn a ship, design a building, write a sonnet, balance accounts, build a wall, set a bone, comfort the dying, take orders, give orders, cooperate, act alone, solve equations, analyze a new problem, pitch manure, program a computer, cook a tasty meal, fight efficiently, and die gallantly. Specialization is for insects.” – Robert A. Heinlein
Scott Adams, creator of the popular comic strip Dilbert, has a simple but useful strategy of personal success: you can either choose to hyper-specialize and become the best in the world (top 1%) at doing one very specific thing, or you can try to become very good (top 25%) in as many different areas as possible, which you then can use in combination. The latter strategy is far easier, and is often more effective: by improving your skills in a few different but related areas, you increase your versatility and rarity, making your particular combination of skills more uniquely valuable.
If you’re interested in improving the quality of your life and work, there are the 12 primary areas of “Core Human Skill” you should focus on developing…
Information-Assimilation – how to find, consume, and comprehend information and identify what’s most important in the face of a problem or challenge. A person who is highly skilled in Information-Assimilation is able to process information quickly and apply it to the situation at hand, with consistently high levels of comprehension and retention.
Writing – how to communicate thoughts and ideas in written form clearly and concisely. A person who is highly skilled in Writing is able to convey information to others briefly and simply, as well as use writing to persuade and influence.
Speaking – how to communicate thoughts and ideas to others clearly, concisely, and with confidence. A person who is highly skilled in Speaking is able to communicate individually or in front of a group of people in an engaging manner, with little visible evidence of tension or stress.
Mathematics – how to accurately use concepts from arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics to analyze and solve common problems. A person who is highly skilled in Mathematics is able to use numbers, ratios, and equations to gain insight into present circumstances and potential future scenarios.
Decision-Making – how to identify critical issues, prioritize, focus energy/effort, recognize fallacies, avoid common errors, and handle ambiguity. A person who is highly skilled in Decision-Making is able to weigh available information and come to a supportable conclusion, without falling prey to common reasoning mistakes and cognitive bias.
Rapport – how to interact with other people in a way that encourages them to like, trust, and respect you. A person who is highly skilled in Rapport is able to build productive, mutually-beneficial relationships with a wide variety of people in a way that influences their perceptions and opinions.
Conflict-Resolution – how to anticipate potential sources of conflict and resolve disagreements when they occur. A person who is highly skilled in Conflict-Resolution is able to anticipate potential sources of conflict and counteract unproductive emotions, both individually and in groups.
Scenario-Generation – how to create, clarify, evaluate, and communicate a possible future scenario that assists in decision-making, either for yourself or another person. A person who is highly skilled in Scenario Generation is able to envision possible future events, identify likely tradeoffs, and suggest multiple options that will result in the achievement of an objective.
Planning – how to identify the necessary next steps to achieve an objective, account for dependencies, and prepare for the unknown and inevitable change via the use of contingencies. A person who is highly skilled in Planning is able to examine available resources, anticipate potential issues and risks, and propose new / better paths as more information becomes known.
Self-Awareness – how to accurately perceive and influence your own internal states and emotions, including effective management of limited energy, willpower, and focus. A person who is highly skilled in Self-Awareness is able to recognize what physical and emotional state they’re currently experiencing, utilize or compensate for their current state, and intentionally elicit / reinforce preferred states.
Interrelation – how to recognize, understand, and make use of key features of systems and relationships, including cause-and-effect, second and third-order effects, constraints, and feedback loops. A person who is highly skilled in Interrelation is able to identify the most important factors in a system, explore how they affect each other, and improve systems without provoking undesired consequences.
Skill Acquisition – how to go about learning a desired skill in a way that results in competence by finding and utilizing available resources, deconstructing complex processes, and actively experimenting with potential approaches. A person who is highly skilled in Skill Acquisition is able to continually improve their skills in any field through deliberate practice, observation, and intentional experimentation
Scott Adams, creator of the popular comic strip Dilbert, has a simple but useful strategy of personal success: you can either choose to hyper-specialize and become the best in the world (top 1%) at doing one very specific thing, or you can try to become very good (top 25%) in as many different areas as possible, which you then can use in combination. The latter strategy is far easier, and is often more effective: by improving your skills in a few different but related areas, you increase your versatility and rarity, making your particular combination of skills more uniquely valuable.
If you’re interested in improving the quality of your life and work, there are the 12 primary areas of “Core Human Skill” you should focus on developing…
Information-Assimilation – how to find, consume, and comprehend information and identify what’s most important in the face of a problem or challenge. A person who is highly skilled in Information-Assimilation is able to process information quickly and apply it to the situation at hand, with consistently high levels of comprehension and retention.
Writing – how to communicate thoughts and ideas in written form clearly and concisely. A person who is highly skilled in Writing is able to convey information to others briefly and simply, as well as use writing to persuade and influence.
Speaking – how to communicate thoughts and ideas to others clearly, concisely, and with confidence. A person who is highly skilled in Speaking is able to communicate individually or in front of a group of people in an engaging manner, with little visible evidence of tension or stress.
Mathematics – how to accurately use concepts from arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics to analyze and solve common problems. A person who is highly skilled in Mathematics is able to use numbers, ratios, and equations to gain insight into present circumstances and potential future scenarios.
Decision-Making – how to identify critical issues, prioritize, focus energy/effort, recognize fallacies, avoid common errors, and handle ambiguity. A person who is highly skilled in Decision-Making is able to weigh available information and come to a supportable conclusion, without falling prey to common reasoning mistakes and cognitive bias.
Rapport – how to interact with other people in a way that encourages them to like, trust, and respect you. A person who is highly skilled in Rapport is able to build productive, mutually-beneficial relationships with a wide variety of people in a way that influences their perceptions and opinions.
Conflict-Resolution – how to anticipate potential sources of conflict and resolve disagreements when they occur. A person who is highly skilled in Conflict-Resolution is able to anticipate potential sources of conflict and counteract unproductive emotions, both individually and in groups.
Scenario-Generation – how to create, clarify, evaluate, and communicate a possible future scenario that assists in decision-making, either for yourself or another person. A person who is highly skilled in Scenario Generation is able to envision possible future events, identify likely tradeoffs, and suggest multiple options that will result in the achievement of an objective.
Planning – how to identify the necessary next steps to achieve an objective, account for dependencies, and prepare for the unknown and inevitable change via the use of contingencies. A person who is highly skilled in Planning is able to examine available resources, anticipate potential issues and risks, and propose new / better paths as more information becomes known.
Self-Awareness – how to accurately perceive and influence your own internal states and emotions, including effective management of limited energy, willpower, and focus. A person who is highly skilled in Self-Awareness is able to recognize what physical and emotional state they’re currently experiencing, utilize or compensate for their current state, and intentionally elicit / reinforce preferred states.
Interrelation – how to recognize, understand, and make use of key features of systems and relationships, including cause-and-effect, second and third-order effects, constraints, and feedback loops. A person who is highly skilled in Interrelation is able to identify the most important factors in a system, explore how they affect each other, and improve systems without provoking undesired consequences.
Skill Acquisition – how to go about learning a desired skill in a way that results in competence by finding and utilizing available resources, deconstructing complex processes, and actively experimenting with potential approaches. A person who is highly skilled in Skill Acquisition is able to continually improve their skills in any field through deliberate practice, observation, and intentional experimentation
Noble Awards- 2008
Chemistry:
Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie and Roger Y. Tsien:
For the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"
Physics:
Yoichiro Nambu, Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa:
For discoveries concerning nature's broken symmetry.
Medicine:
Harald zur Hausen, : For his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer.
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier: For their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus.
Literature:
Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio: Author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization
Peace:
Martti Ahtisaari, Finland has been named for Nobel Prize for Peace for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts.
Economics:
Paul Krugman has been selected for Noble Prize in economics for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity.
GK-1
1) Name of the ATS Mumbai Chief and NSG Commando from Bangalore who has died on 26th Nov, at Terrorist attack.
-ATS Chief: Hemant Karkare
-NSG Commando: Sundeep Unnilrishanan
2) Name of terrorist who was captured on 26th Nov, 2008 in Mumbai
- Azmal Amir Kasav
3) Who said “ Give me matter I will make a new world”
- Immanuel Kant
4) Who got prestigious Man Booker award recently for which and for which book?
- Arvind Adiga (The white Tiger)
5) Which is the country whose map is depicted on its flag.
- Cyprus (West Asia)
6) Generally flags are rectangular but there is the country whose flags is square.
- Switzerland
7) Who is the Prime minister of Pakistan?
- Yousaf Raza Gillani
8) Newly appointed Chief minister of Maharastra.
- Ashok Chavan (Congress)
9) Name of the Chief minister of Kerala who is in the news because of his comment on
Martyr Unnikrishanan of Banagalore.
- V.S.Achuthanandan (said, "If it had not been (Major) Sandeep's house, not even a dog would have gone there"
10) What is the capital city of India?
- Delhi (no its not right. its New Delhi)
11) Most Popular god of Vedic era in India.
- Indra
12) Which is the movie received the Best movie award at Cannes in 2008 and Oscar 2008.
- The Class (a French movie) – Cannes 2008
- No land for old man (English) – Oscar 2008
13) Which state / UT has the highest per capita Income and how much..
- Chandigarh – Rs 99,700 (National Per capita income Rs. 45,000)
14) Full form of HTML and CHAT.
- HTML-HyperText Markup Language
- CHAT-Conversational Hypertext Access Technology
15) Ozone layer is known as life blanket for the earth as its saves as from Ultraviolet Rays.
Chemical formula of Ozone.
- O3
16) What is the most abundant element on the crust of the earth (Crust is upper part of the earth)
- Oxygen
17) Google is derived from the word googol, what do you mean by Googol.
- 10 followed my 100 zeros
18) BRIC stands for Brazil, Russia, India and China but SAARC stands for.
- South Asian association for Regional cooperation – Head quarter – Katmandu (Nepal)
19) Cyclone is China is known as.
- Typoon
20) What is the south most point of India and where is it located?
- India point (Nicobar Island)
21) What is the original name of Santa Claus?
- Saint Nicholas
22) A Indian origin woman has become Lord mayor of England .
Name her.
-Manjula Sood (Leicester)
23) What are colors of rainbow / light.
- VIBGYOR (violet, Indigo, blue, Green, Yellow, Orage and Red)
24) Barack Obama has appointed Indian origin lady as one of his advisers.
- Sonal Shah
25) What is the rank of India In Hunger list out of 88 countries surveyed?
- 66th (high Hunger – children malnutrition, lower weight of children below 5 years of age and low intake of protein in diet)
26) The biggest and the smallest bones of our body.
- The Biggest – femur (thigh Bone) and Smallest – Stapes –(ear bone)
27) The Smallest country of the world and its area and Population.
- Vatican City (Near Rome, Italy) Area 0.44 Sq Km, Population - 824
28) Name of a country in which all 5 vowels are there. (One word)
- Mozambique (located at Eastern side of South Africa)
29) (5/5/5) 5 divided by 5 divided by 5 =?
- .1 (5* 1/5 *1/5)
30) What are the three numbers if you multiply or add will give you the same result.
- 1, 2, 3 (1+ 2+3=6 and 1*2*3=6)
31) Byte is a unit of computer’s memory. How many bytes equals to one MG (mega byte).
= 1024 * 1024 (1024 bytes = 1 kilo byte, 1024 kilo bye = 1 Mega byte)
32) India celebrates her republic day on 26th January of every year as our constitution was adopted on 26th January 1950, why they have selected 26th January to adopt it though it was ready on 26th November 1949.
- Indian has celebrated first Independence Day on 26th Jan 1930 , to make the day memorable 26th January was chosen .
33) Who is the Chairman of ISRO? In news because of the launch of Chandrayaan –1
- G. Madhavan Nair
34) In which year the state Karnataka reorganized as a State by adding coorg and some part of AP and some parts of south Maharastra, when was it renamed as Karnataka?
- 1st November 1956, Renamed as Karnataka in 1973, old name state of Mysore)
35) Name the language, which if spelled from forward or backward gives the same name.
- Malayalam
36) SEBI has allowed Currency trading recently, the Exchange where it can be traded.
- NSE, BSE and MCX
-ATS Chief: Hemant Karkare
-NSG Commando: Sundeep Unnilrishanan
2) Name of terrorist who was captured on 26th Nov, 2008 in Mumbai
- Azmal Amir Kasav
3) Who said “ Give me matter I will make a new world”
- Immanuel Kant
4) Who got prestigious Man Booker award recently for which and for which book?
- Arvind Adiga (The white Tiger)
5) Which is the country whose map is depicted on its flag.
- Cyprus (West Asia)
6) Generally flags are rectangular but there is the country whose flags is square.
- Switzerland
7) Who is the Prime minister of Pakistan?
- Yousaf Raza Gillani
8) Newly appointed Chief minister of Maharastra.
- Ashok Chavan (Congress)
9) Name of the Chief minister of Kerala who is in the news because of his comment on
Martyr Unnikrishanan of Banagalore.
- V.S.Achuthanandan (said, "If it had not been (Major) Sandeep's house, not even a dog would have gone there"
10) What is the capital city of India?
- Delhi (no its not right. its New Delhi)
11) Most Popular god of Vedic era in India.
- Indra
12) Which is the movie received the Best movie award at Cannes in 2008 and Oscar 2008.
- The Class (a French movie) – Cannes 2008
- No land for old man (English) – Oscar 2008
13) Which state / UT has the highest per capita Income and how much..
- Chandigarh – Rs 99,700 (National Per capita income Rs. 45,000)
14) Full form of HTML and CHAT.
- HTML-HyperText Markup Language
- CHAT-Conversational Hypertext Access Technology
15) Ozone layer is known as life blanket for the earth as its saves as from Ultraviolet Rays.
Chemical formula of Ozone.
- O3
16) What is the most abundant element on the crust of the earth (Crust is upper part of the earth)
- Oxygen
17) Google is derived from the word googol, what do you mean by Googol.
- 10 followed my 100 zeros
18) BRIC stands for Brazil, Russia, India and China but SAARC stands for.
- South Asian association for Regional cooperation – Head quarter – Katmandu (Nepal)
19) Cyclone is China is known as.
- Typoon
20) What is the south most point of India and where is it located?
- India point (Nicobar Island)
21) What is the original name of Santa Claus?
- Saint Nicholas
22) A Indian origin woman has become Lord mayor of England .
Name her.
-Manjula Sood (Leicester)
23) What are colors of rainbow / light.
- VIBGYOR (violet, Indigo, blue, Green, Yellow, Orage and Red)
24) Barack Obama has appointed Indian origin lady as one of his advisers.
- Sonal Shah
25) What is the rank of India In Hunger list out of 88 countries surveyed?
- 66th (high Hunger – children malnutrition, lower weight of children below 5 years of age and low intake of protein in diet)
26) The biggest and the smallest bones of our body.
- The Biggest – femur (thigh Bone) and Smallest – Stapes –(ear bone)
27) The Smallest country of the world and its area and Population.
- Vatican City (Near Rome, Italy) Area 0.44 Sq Km, Population - 824
28) Name of a country in which all 5 vowels are there. (One word)
- Mozambique (located at Eastern side of South Africa)
29) (5/5/5) 5 divided by 5 divided by 5 =?
- .1 (5* 1/5 *1/5)
30) What are the three numbers if you multiply or add will give you the same result.
- 1, 2, 3 (1+ 2+3=6 and 1*2*3=6)
31) Byte is a unit of computer’s memory. How many bytes equals to one MG (mega byte).
= 1024 * 1024 (1024 bytes = 1 kilo byte, 1024 kilo bye = 1 Mega byte)
32) India celebrates her republic day on 26th January of every year as our constitution was adopted on 26th January 1950, why they have selected 26th January to adopt it though it was ready on 26th November 1949.
- Indian has celebrated first Independence Day on 26th Jan 1930 , to make the day memorable 26th January was chosen .
33) Who is the Chairman of ISRO? In news because of the launch of Chandrayaan –1
- G. Madhavan Nair
34) In which year the state Karnataka reorganized as a State by adding coorg and some part of AP and some parts of south Maharastra, when was it renamed as Karnataka?
- 1st November 1956, Renamed as Karnataka in 1973, old name state of Mysore)
35) Name the language, which if spelled from forward or backward gives the same name.
- Malayalam
36) SEBI has allowed Currency trading recently, the Exchange where it can be traded.
- NSE, BSE and MCX
26/11 - the Mumbai Attacks
1. The attack on 26/11 was so shocking that it was referred to as India’s 9/11! The 26/11 attack was the first terror attack of its kind in the city of Mumbai.
Mumbai is the financial capital of India and houses not only the stock exchange but is the headquarters of many a business corporation. Mumbai has had to face terror attacks more than once. Mumbai faced a major terror attack in 1993, when terrorists launched a series of bomb attacks at 13 places killing more than 250 people. From 2002 to 2003, there were more than 5 attacks killing more than 60 people. On July 11th 2006, terrorists planted bombs in trains killing more than 200 people. The city of Mumbai unfortunately had become a prime target for terrorism.
2. Which was the terrorist organization believed to be behind the 26/11 attack? Lashkar-e-Toiba
The Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) is a terrorist organization that has launched many a terrorist attack against India. LeT has carried out number of strikes in the troubled Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir and is also believed to be behind the 1993, 2003 and 2006 attacks in Mumbai. LeT is believed to receive technical and logistical support from ISI – the Pakistan Intelligence agency.
3. How did the terrorists reach Mumbai to carry out the attack? By boat
On 26th November 2008, ten terrorists entered Mumbai by boat. It is believed that the ten terrorists came from Karachi, took over a fishing trawler (Kuber) and then used an inflatable boat to land at Mumbai near Colaba. The terrorists are believed to have landed at 8:00pm and the terror attacks began at 9:20pm.
4. Which among the following places was NOT a target of the terrorists? Bombay The CST Railway station, Oberoi Trident Hospital, Taj Mahal Hotel and Nariman House,Stock Exchange
The terrorists struck at the following places – The CST Railway station, Oberoi Trident Hospital, Taj Mahal Hotel and Nariman House. They also had skirmishes with the police near Metro Cinema and Cama hospital. The Bombay Stock Exchange, which was targeted in 1993, was not attacked this time.
5. The chief of the Mumbai anti-terrorist squad was among the first to be killed in the attack. True
The city of Mumbai was shocked when they learnt that Hemant Karkare, the Chief of the Mumbai anti-terrorist squad was killed in the terror attack. After the terrorists attacked the CST railway station, they moved on to Cama hospital, where Hemant Karkare accompanied by other key officers including Ashok Kamte, the Additional Commissioner of police took on the terrorists. While the police officers were on the chase, they were ambushed by two of the terrorists, who killed them and took their car and fled from the scene.
6. Which was the Indian organization that led the counter-attack on the terrorists? NSG
The NSG or the National Security Guard is a commando force (known as Black Cats) whose main responsibility is fighting terrorists. The NSG commandos were flown in from their base in Delhi to lead the attack against the terrorists. The RAW (Research and Analysis Wing) and IB (Intelligence Bureau) are the Indian intelligence agencies which faced severe criticism after the attacks. The Shiv Sena is a Mumbai based right-wing political party.
7. What happened to the terrorists after the attack?
Nine were killed and one captured
The terrorists targeted three main places – the Taj Mahal hotel, the Oberoi/Trident hotels and Nariman house. Two other terrorists carried out attacks at other places as a diversionary attack. While the two of them were attempting to flee, they were stopped by the Mumbai police. One of the terrorists died and the other Ajmal Amir Kasab was captured alive. Most of the information about the background of the attack is based on the confessions of the captured terrorist Ajmal Amir Kasab.All the terrorists at the Taj Mahal, Oberoi and Trident hotels and the Nariman House were killed by the NSG commandos after a prolonged attack.
8. What was the total number of casualties in the terror attack? 188 killed, 293 injured
The 26/11 attack on Mumbai was one of the worst terrorist attacks in India. The bloody siege at the Taj and Oberoi hotels saw the death of many innocent people. A total of 188 people were killed and 293 injured in the attacks. Out of the dead, 158 were Indians and the others included 4 Americans, 4 Australians, and 2 Israelis. The terrorists deliberately targeted Nariman House, which was a Jewish centre. Among the dead were 15 policemen and 2 commandos.
9. There was severe criticism of the government in power after the attack and heads rolled after the attack. Who among the following were NOT among those who had to resign in the days following the attack?
The Chief Minister and Home Minister of Maharashtra ,The Mumbai Commissioner of Police
The UPA Government in power in India at the time of the attack had been under attack for not taking stringent measures against terrorism. After the attacks, the Indian Government and the Government of the state of Maharashtra (where Mumbai is located) were severely criticized for intelligence failures, for failing to take quick action and not strengthening security measures. In the fallout from the Mumbai attack, the Home Minister of India Shivraj Patil submitted his resignation from the Union cabinet. The Chief Minister and Home Minister of Maharashtra Vilasrao Deshmukh and RR Patil also had to resign.
10. There was immense pressure on the Government of Pakistan to take action against those believed to be responsible for the attack. Which international leader visited Pakistan just after the attack to pressurize them to act? US Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice
In the wake of the terrorist attacks, world leaders joined in to condemn the attack. The confessions of the captured terrorist revealed that the Lashkar-e-Toiba was behind the attacks. Also there was evidence to suggest that the ISI, Pakistan’s intelligence wing, was behind the attack. India issued a demarche to Pakistan demanding action against the leaders of the LeT in Pakistan. The US Secretary of state Condoleeza Rice visited India on 4th December 2008. She also visited Pakistan and made it clear that if Pakistan does not act, then the US would! As a result of the international pressure, Pakistan arrested key leaders of the LeT including Hafiz Saeed. The UN Security Council also stepped in and passed a resolution to ban the Jamaat-ud-Dawa, believed to be the front organization of the LeT.
Mumbai is the financial capital of India and houses not only the stock exchange but is the headquarters of many a business corporation. Mumbai has had to face terror attacks more than once. Mumbai faced a major terror attack in 1993, when terrorists launched a series of bomb attacks at 13 places killing more than 250 people. From 2002 to 2003, there were more than 5 attacks killing more than 60 people. On July 11th 2006, terrorists planted bombs in trains killing more than 200 people. The city of Mumbai unfortunately had become a prime target for terrorism.
2. Which was the terrorist organization believed to be behind the 26/11 attack? Lashkar-e-Toiba
The Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) is a terrorist organization that has launched many a terrorist attack against India. LeT has carried out number of strikes in the troubled Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir and is also believed to be behind the 1993, 2003 and 2006 attacks in Mumbai. LeT is believed to receive technical and logistical support from ISI – the Pakistan Intelligence agency.
3. How did the terrorists reach Mumbai to carry out the attack? By boat
On 26th November 2008, ten terrorists entered Mumbai by boat. It is believed that the ten terrorists came from Karachi, took over a fishing trawler (Kuber) and then used an inflatable boat to land at Mumbai near Colaba. The terrorists are believed to have landed at 8:00pm and the terror attacks began at 9:20pm.
4. Which among the following places was NOT a target of the terrorists? Bombay The CST Railway station, Oberoi Trident Hospital, Taj Mahal Hotel and Nariman House,Stock Exchange
The terrorists struck at the following places – The CST Railway station, Oberoi Trident Hospital, Taj Mahal Hotel and Nariman House. They also had skirmishes with the police near Metro Cinema and Cama hospital. The Bombay Stock Exchange, which was targeted in 1993, was not attacked this time.
5. The chief of the Mumbai anti-terrorist squad was among the first to be killed in the attack. True
The city of Mumbai was shocked when they learnt that Hemant Karkare, the Chief of the Mumbai anti-terrorist squad was killed in the terror attack. After the terrorists attacked the CST railway station, they moved on to Cama hospital, where Hemant Karkare accompanied by other key officers including Ashok Kamte, the Additional Commissioner of police took on the terrorists. While the police officers were on the chase, they were ambushed by two of the terrorists, who killed them and took their car and fled from the scene.
6. Which was the Indian organization that led the counter-attack on the terrorists? NSG
The NSG or the National Security Guard is a commando force (known as Black Cats) whose main responsibility is fighting terrorists. The NSG commandos were flown in from their base in Delhi to lead the attack against the terrorists. The RAW (Research and Analysis Wing) and IB (Intelligence Bureau) are the Indian intelligence agencies which faced severe criticism after the attacks. The Shiv Sena is a Mumbai based right-wing political party.
7. What happened to the terrorists after the attack?
Nine were killed and one captured
The terrorists targeted three main places – the Taj Mahal hotel, the Oberoi/Trident hotels and Nariman house. Two other terrorists carried out attacks at other places as a diversionary attack. While the two of them were attempting to flee, they were stopped by the Mumbai police. One of the terrorists died and the other Ajmal Amir Kasab was captured alive. Most of the information about the background of the attack is based on the confessions of the captured terrorist Ajmal Amir Kasab.All the terrorists at the Taj Mahal, Oberoi and Trident hotels and the Nariman House were killed by the NSG commandos after a prolonged attack.
8. What was the total number of casualties in the terror attack? 188 killed, 293 injured
The 26/11 attack on Mumbai was one of the worst terrorist attacks in India. The bloody siege at the Taj and Oberoi hotels saw the death of many innocent people. A total of 188 people were killed and 293 injured in the attacks. Out of the dead, 158 were Indians and the others included 4 Americans, 4 Australians, and 2 Israelis. The terrorists deliberately targeted Nariman House, which was a Jewish centre. Among the dead were 15 policemen and 2 commandos.
9. There was severe criticism of the government in power after the attack and heads rolled after the attack. Who among the following were NOT among those who had to resign in the days following the attack?
The Chief Minister and Home Minister of Maharashtra ,The Mumbai Commissioner of Police
The UPA Government in power in India at the time of the attack had been under attack for not taking stringent measures against terrorism. After the attacks, the Indian Government and the Government of the state of Maharashtra (where Mumbai is located) were severely criticized for intelligence failures, for failing to take quick action and not strengthening security measures. In the fallout from the Mumbai attack, the Home Minister of India Shivraj Patil submitted his resignation from the Union cabinet. The Chief Minister and Home Minister of Maharashtra Vilasrao Deshmukh and RR Patil also had to resign.
10. There was immense pressure on the Government of Pakistan to take action against those believed to be responsible for the attack. Which international leader visited Pakistan just after the attack to pressurize them to act? US Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice
In the wake of the terrorist attacks, world leaders joined in to condemn the attack. The confessions of the captured terrorist revealed that the Lashkar-e-Toiba was behind the attacks. Also there was evidence to suggest that the ISI, Pakistan’s intelligence wing, was behind the attack. India issued a demarche to Pakistan demanding action against the leaders of the LeT in Pakistan. The US Secretary of state Condoleeza Rice visited India on 4th December 2008. She also visited Pakistan and made it clear that if Pakistan does not act, then the US would! As a result of the international pressure, Pakistan arrested key leaders of the LeT including Hafiz Saeed. The UN Security Council also stepped in and passed a resolution to ban the Jamaat-ud-Dawa, believed to be the front organization of the LeT.
INDIAN ECONOMY 2008-09 QUIZ
Indian Economy 2008-09 Quiz
1. The outlay of Railways annual plan 2008–09 (as Rail Budget 2008–09) has been hiked by 21% which stands at—
Rs. 37,500 crorec
2. Allocation for waiving farmer’s loan in budget 2008–09 stands at—
Rs. 60,000 crore
3. As budget proposals for 2008–09 the percentage share of direct taxes, in gross tax revenue is—
53·07%
4. Chelliah Committee recommended to tax the agriculture income of non-farmers having income above—
Rs. 25000
5. Twelfth Finance Commission under Chairmanship of Dr. C. Rangrajan has submitted its final report on—
November 30, 2004
6. ‘Open market operation’ is a part of—
Credit Policy
7. The city having highest population in the world is—
Mexico City
8. Targeted power capacity addition for 11th plan period is—
66463 MW
9. The Ex-officio Secretary of NDC is—
Secretary of Planning Commission
10. 15th SAARC Summit was held in July–August 2008. The changed venue of the summit is—
Sri Lanka
11. The Finance Commission is appointed for every
5 Years
12. 11th National Conference on e-governance was held on 7–8 February, 2008 at—
Panchkula (Haryana)
13. Which percentage of Central Taxes have been recommended by the 12th Finance Commission to be transferred to States ?
30·5%
14. Which state possesses the maximum percentage of SC population ?
Punjab
15. Government was decided to cover all districts of the country in National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (NREGP)—
Upto March 31, 2008
16.What is ‘NIKKEI’ ?
Share Price Index of Tokyo Share
17. NABARD was established on the recommendation of—
Shivaraman Committee
18. Sampurna Gramin Rojgar Yojana has been launched from—
25th Sept., 2001
19. Which company is providing mobile service with name ‘Cell one’ to the consumers ?
BSNL
20. VAT is imposed—
On all stages between production and final sale
1. The outlay of Railways annual plan 2008–09 (as Rail Budget 2008–09) has been hiked by 21% which stands at—
Rs. 37,500 crorec
2. Allocation for waiving farmer’s loan in budget 2008–09 stands at—
Rs. 60,000 crore
3. As budget proposals for 2008–09 the percentage share of direct taxes, in gross tax revenue is—
53·07%
4. Chelliah Committee recommended to tax the agriculture income of non-farmers having income above—
Rs. 25000
5. Twelfth Finance Commission under Chairmanship of Dr. C. Rangrajan has submitted its final report on—
November 30, 2004
6. ‘Open market operation’ is a part of—
Credit Policy
7. The city having highest population in the world is—
Mexico City
8. Targeted power capacity addition for 11th plan period is—
66463 MW
9. The Ex-officio Secretary of NDC is—
Secretary of Planning Commission
10. 15th SAARC Summit was held in July–August 2008. The changed venue of the summit is—
Sri Lanka
11. The Finance Commission is appointed for every
5 Years
12. 11th National Conference on e-governance was held on 7–8 February, 2008 at—
Panchkula (Haryana)
13. Which percentage of Central Taxes have been recommended by the 12th Finance Commission to be transferred to States ?
30·5%
14. Which state possesses the maximum percentage of SC population ?
Punjab
15. Government was decided to cover all districts of the country in National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (NREGP)—
Upto March 31, 2008
16.What is ‘NIKKEI’ ?
Share Price Index of Tokyo Share
17. NABARD was established on the recommendation of—
Shivaraman Committee
18. Sampurna Gramin Rojgar Yojana has been launched from—
25th Sept., 2001
19. Which company is providing mobile service with name ‘Cell one’ to the consumers ?
BSNL
20. VAT is imposed—
On all stages between production and final sale
INDIA AT GLANCE
NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS
Tarapur
In Maharashtra - India's oldest and biggest
Kalpakkam
In Tamil Nadu, called Indira Gandhi Nuclear Power Station
Rawatbhata
In Kota, Rajasthan
Narora
In Uttar Pradesh
Kaiga
In Karnataka
Kakrapara
In Gujarat
Kudankulam
In Tamil Nadu, under construction with the assistance of Russia
Labels: GK
DAMS their RESERVOIRS
Gudha Dam
On Chambal in Rajasthan
Gandhi Sagar Dam
(MP) on Chambal
Rana Pratap Sagar Dam.
Rajasthan on Chambal
Jawahar Sagar Dam
on Chambal
Ukai Dam
Ukai Reservoir, on Tapti in Gujrat
Tilaiya Dam
Tilaiya Reservoir on Barakar River, Jharkhand
Konar Reservoir
on Damodar River, Jharkhand
Rihand Dam
Gobind pant sagar Reservoir,
Hirakud Dam
Hirakud Reservoir
Balimela Reservoir
On Sileru River, Orissa
Tandula Tank
On Mahanadi, Chattisgarh
Bhavani Sagar Reservoir
on Bhavani River, Tamil Nadu
Mettur Dam
On Cauvery Stanley Reservoir in Tamil Nadu
KRS Dam
KrishnaRajaSagara Reservoir, on Cauvery in Karnataka
Bhadra Dam
Bhadra Reservoir, on Bhadra River in Karnataka
Tunga Bhadra Dam
Tungabhadra Reservoir, On Tungabhadra River in Karn
Linganamakki Reservoir
On Sharavathi River In Karnataka
Koyna Dam
Koyna Reservoir, on Krishna River, Maharashtra
Nagarjuna Sagar Dam
Nagarjuna Sagar Reservoir on Krishna, Andhra Pradesh
Nizam Sagar Dam
Nizam Sagar Reservoir, on Manjra in Andhra Pradesh
Labels: GK
IMPORTANT RIVER VALLEY PROJECTS
Project Name
River Name
Bhakra Nangal Project
On Sutlaj in Punjab(Now in Himachal Pradesh). Highest in India. Ht 226 m. Reservoir is called Gobind Sagar Lake. Bhakra and Nangal are two separate projects.
Mandi Project
On Beas in HP
Chambal Valley Project
On Chambal in MP & Rajasthan. 3 dams are there: Gandhi Sagar Dam(MP), Rana Pratap Sagar Dam (Rajasthan) and Jawahar Sagar Dam.
Damodar Valley Project
On Damodar in Bihar.
Based on Tennessee Valley Project, USA.
Hirakud Project
On Mahanadi in Orissa. World's longest dam: 4801m
Rihand Project
On Son in Mirzapur.
Reservoir is called Govind Vallabh Pant reservoir.
Kosi Project
On Kosi in N.Bihar.
Mayurkashi Project
On Mayrukashi in WB.
Kakrapara Project
On Tapi in Gujarat.
Nizamsagar Project
On Manjra in AP.
Nagarjuna Sagar Project
On Krishna in AP
Tungabhadra Project
On Tungabhadra in AP & Karnataka
Shivasamudram Project
On Cauvery in Karnataka.
It is the oldest river valley project of India.
Tata Hydel Scheme
On Bhima in Maharashtra
Sharavathi Hydel Project
On Jog Falls in Karnataka
Kundah & Periyar Project
In TN
Farakka Project
On Ganga in WB. Apart from power and irrigation it helps to remove silt for easy navigation.
Ukai Project
On Tapti in Gujarat
Mahi Project
On Mahi in Gujarat
Salal Project
On Chenab in J & K
Mata Tila Multipurpose Project
On Betwa in UP & MP
Thein Project
On Ravi, Punjab
Pong Dam
On Beas, Punjab
Tehri Project
On Bhgirathi, Uttaranchal
Sardar Sarovar Project
On Narmada, Gujarat/MP
Labels: GK
INDUSTRIES IN INDIA
1
Cotton Textile
Most important industry in terms of employment and production of export goods. In Maharashtra (Mumbai, Sholapur, Pune, Kolhapur, Satara, Wardha, Hajipur), Gujarat (Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Rajkot, Surat, Bhavnagar), Tamil Nadu (Coimbatore Manchestor of South India). Tamil Nadu has the largest number of cotton textile mills in India
2
Jute
India manufactures the largest quantity of jute goods in the world. Mainly located in West Bengal, followed by Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, UP, MP
3
Silk Textile
The location of silk industry is governed by two factors - prevalence of sericulture practices and availability of skilled labour. Karnataka is the leading producer, followed by West Bengal, Bihar, etc
4
Woollen Textiles
In Punjab (Dhariwal, Amritsar, Ludhiana, Ferozpur), Maharashtra (Mumbai), UP (Kanpur, Mirzapur, Agra, Tanakpur), etc
5
Iron and steel
Located near the sources of raw materials and fuel (coal). In Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), Durgapur, Burnpur (W.B.), Bhadrwati (Karnataka), Bokaro (Jharkhand), Rourkela (Orissa), Bhilai (Chhatisgarh), Salem (T.N.), Vishakhapatnam (A.P.)
6
Aluminium Smelting
Located mainly near the sources of raw materials, means of transport and cheap electricity. In Hirakud, Koraput (Orissa), Renukoot (UP), Korba (MP), Ratnagiri (Maharashtra), Mettur (TN), Alwaye
7
Copper Smelting
In Khetri, Alwar, Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan), Singhbhum (Jharkhand), Agnigundala (A.P.)
8
Heavy Machinery Machine Tools Industry
In Ranchi, Vishakapattnam, Durgapur, Tiruchirapalli, Mumbai, Naini it forms the basis for the manufacturing of industrial, defence equipments, automobiles, railway engines and electrical machinery. In Bangalore, Pinjore (Haryana), Kalamassery (Kerala), Hyderabad, Secunderabad, Srinagar, Ajmer.
9
Heavy Electrical Equipments
Power generation equipments. In Bhopal, Tiruchirapalli, Jammu, Ramchandrapuram (Hyderabad), Hardwar, Bangalore, and Jagdishpur (UP).
10
Railway Equipments
Locomotives: In Chittaranjan (WB), Varanasi, Jamshedpur, Bhopal.
Coaches: Perambur(TN), Kapurthala (Punjab), also at Bangalore and Kolkata.
11
Ship Building
Hindustan Shipyard at Vishakhapatnam, Cochin Shipyard, Mumbai (Mazgaon Dock) and Kolkata (Garden Reach Workshop). For Indian Navy, only at Mazgaon
12
Cycles
In Mumbai, Asansol, Sonepat, Delhi, Chennai, Jalandhar and Ludhiana
13
Tractors
At Faridabad, Pinjore, Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai
14
Fertilizers
The location of fertilizer industry is closely related to petro-chemicals. About 70% of the plants producing nitrogenous fertilizers use naphtha as raw material Naphtha is a by-product of oil refiners. Phosphate plants are dependent on mineral phosphate found in UP and MP. Now natural gas based fertilizer plants are also being set up. The Fertilizer Corporation of India (FCL) was setup up in 1961. National Fertilizer Limited (NFL) was set up in 1974. In Sindri (Bihar), Nangal, Trombay, Gorakhpur, Durgapur, Namrup, Cochin, Rourkela, Neyveli, Varanasi, Vadodara, Vishakhapattnam, Kota and Kanpur
15
Pharmaceuticals and Drugs
Antibiotics are prepared at Pimpri and Rishikesh. The Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited has 5 plants at Hyderabad, Rishikesh, Chennai, Gurgaon and Muzaffarpur. A number of other units are concentrated in Mumbai, Baroda, Delhi, Kolkata and Kanpur.
16
Pesticides
Delhi and Alwaye
17
Sugar Industry
UP, Maharashtra, AP, TN, Karnataka and Bihar
18
Aircraft
Hindustan Aeronautics India Ltd. Was formed by merging two aircraft factories at Bangalore and Kanpur. Four other factories are at Nasik, Hyderabad, Koraput (Orissa), Lucknow
19
Rubber Industry
Bareilly (UP), Baroda (Gujarat) - Synthetic Rubber Units, Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Amritsar - Reclaimed Rubber Units
Labels: GK
IMPORTANT CROPS INDIA
Rice
West Bengal, Punjab, UP
Wheat
UP, Punjab, Haryana
Maize
Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka
Bajra
Rajasthan, Gujarat, UP
Jowar
Maharashtra, Karnataka, MP, AP
Total Coarse cereals
Maharashtra, Karnataka, UP
Total Pulses
MP, UP, Maharashtra
Total foodgrains
UP, Punjab, West Bengal
Groundnut
Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh
Rapeseed & Mustard
Rajasthan, UP, Haryana
Soyabean
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan
Sunflower
Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra
Total oil seeds
MP, Maharashtra, Rajasthan
Sugarcane
UP, Maharashtra, Karnataka
Cotton
Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh
Jute and Mesta
WB, Bihar, Assam
Tea
Assam, West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh
Coffee
Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu
Rubber
Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka
Silk
Karnataka, Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh.
In India all 4 varieties of silk are available; Mulberry, tussar, eri and muga. Mulberry is the main variety, while tussar is mainly found in Bihar.
Tobacco
Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka
Labels: GK
HILL STATIONS INDIA
Hill Stations
State Name
Almora (Kumaon hills)
Uttar Pradesh
Cherrapunji (Shillong)
Meghalaya
Coonoor (Nilgiri hills)
Tamil Nadu
Dalhousie
Himachal Pradesh
Darjeeling
West Bengal
Gulmarg
Kashmir (Highest)
Kasauli (Shimla)
Himachal Pradesh
Kodaikanal
Tamil Nadu
Mahabaleshwar
Maharashtra
Mt. Abu
Rajasthan
Mussoorie
Uttaranchal
Nainital
Uttaranchal
Ootacamund
Tamil Nadu
Pachmarhi
Madhya Pradesh
Ranchi
Jharkhand
Shillong (Khasi hills)
Meghalaya
Shimla
Himachal Pradesh
Srinagar
Jammu & Kashmir
Labels: GK
MAJOR PORTS IN INDIA
Western Coast
Eastern Coast
Kandla (Child of partition)
Kolkata – Haldia (riverine port)
Mumbai (busiest and biggest)
Paradip (exports raw iron into Japan)
Jawahar Lal Nehru (fastest growing)
Vishakhapatnam (deepest port)
Marmugao (naval base also)
Chennai (oldest and artificial)
Mangalore (exports Kudremukh iron-ore)
Ennore (most modern in private hands)
Cochin (natural Harbour)
Tuticorin (southernmost)
Tarapur
In Maharashtra - India's oldest and biggest
Kalpakkam
In Tamil Nadu, called Indira Gandhi Nuclear Power Station
Rawatbhata
In Kota, Rajasthan
Narora
In Uttar Pradesh
Kaiga
In Karnataka
Kakrapara
In Gujarat
Kudankulam
In Tamil Nadu, under construction with the assistance of Russia
Labels: GK
DAMS their RESERVOIRS
Gudha Dam
On Chambal in Rajasthan
Gandhi Sagar Dam
(MP) on Chambal
Rana Pratap Sagar Dam.
Rajasthan on Chambal
Jawahar Sagar Dam
on Chambal
Ukai Dam
Ukai Reservoir, on Tapti in Gujrat
Tilaiya Dam
Tilaiya Reservoir on Barakar River, Jharkhand
Konar Reservoir
on Damodar River, Jharkhand
Rihand Dam
Gobind pant sagar Reservoir,
Hirakud Dam
Hirakud Reservoir
Balimela Reservoir
On Sileru River, Orissa
Tandula Tank
On Mahanadi, Chattisgarh
Bhavani Sagar Reservoir
on Bhavani River, Tamil Nadu
Mettur Dam
On Cauvery Stanley Reservoir in Tamil Nadu
KRS Dam
KrishnaRajaSagara Reservoir, on Cauvery in Karnataka
Bhadra Dam
Bhadra Reservoir, on Bhadra River in Karnataka
Tunga Bhadra Dam
Tungabhadra Reservoir, On Tungabhadra River in Karn
Linganamakki Reservoir
On Sharavathi River In Karnataka
Koyna Dam
Koyna Reservoir, on Krishna River, Maharashtra
Nagarjuna Sagar Dam
Nagarjuna Sagar Reservoir on Krishna, Andhra Pradesh
Nizam Sagar Dam
Nizam Sagar Reservoir, on Manjra in Andhra Pradesh
Labels: GK
IMPORTANT RIVER VALLEY PROJECTS
Project Name
River Name
Bhakra Nangal Project
On Sutlaj in Punjab(Now in Himachal Pradesh). Highest in India. Ht 226 m. Reservoir is called Gobind Sagar Lake. Bhakra and Nangal are two separate projects.
Mandi Project
On Beas in HP
Chambal Valley Project
On Chambal in MP & Rajasthan. 3 dams are there: Gandhi Sagar Dam(MP), Rana Pratap Sagar Dam (Rajasthan) and Jawahar Sagar Dam.
Damodar Valley Project
On Damodar in Bihar.
Based on Tennessee Valley Project, USA.
Hirakud Project
On Mahanadi in Orissa. World's longest dam: 4801m
Rihand Project
On Son in Mirzapur.
Reservoir is called Govind Vallabh Pant reservoir.
Kosi Project
On Kosi in N.Bihar.
Mayurkashi Project
On Mayrukashi in WB.
Kakrapara Project
On Tapi in Gujarat.
Nizamsagar Project
On Manjra in AP.
Nagarjuna Sagar Project
On Krishna in AP
Tungabhadra Project
On Tungabhadra in AP & Karnataka
Shivasamudram Project
On Cauvery in Karnataka.
It is the oldest river valley project of India.
Tata Hydel Scheme
On Bhima in Maharashtra
Sharavathi Hydel Project
On Jog Falls in Karnataka
Kundah & Periyar Project
In TN
Farakka Project
On Ganga in WB. Apart from power and irrigation it helps to remove silt for easy navigation.
Ukai Project
On Tapti in Gujarat
Mahi Project
On Mahi in Gujarat
Salal Project
On Chenab in J & K
Mata Tila Multipurpose Project
On Betwa in UP & MP
Thein Project
On Ravi, Punjab
Pong Dam
On Beas, Punjab
Tehri Project
On Bhgirathi, Uttaranchal
Sardar Sarovar Project
On Narmada, Gujarat/MP
Labels: GK
INDUSTRIES IN INDIA
1
Cotton Textile
Most important industry in terms of employment and production of export goods. In Maharashtra (Mumbai, Sholapur, Pune, Kolhapur, Satara, Wardha, Hajipur), Gujarat (Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Rajkot, Surat, Bhavnagar), Tamil Nadu (Coimbatore Manchestor of South India). Tamil Nadu has the largest number of cotton textile mills in India
2
Jute
India manufactures the largest quantity of jute goods in the world. Mainly located in West Bengal, followed by Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, UP, MP
3
Silk Textile
The location of silk industry is governed by two factors - prevalence of sericulture practices and availability of skilled labour. Karnataka is the leading producer, followed by West Bengal, Bihar, etc
4
Woollen Textiles
In Punjab (Dhariwal, Amritsar, Ludhiana, Ferozpur), Maharashtra (Mumbai), UP (Kanpur, Mirzapur, Agra, Tanakpur), etc
5
Iron and steel
Located near the sources of raw materials and fuel (coal). In Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), Durgapur, Burnpur (W.B.), Bhadrwati (Karnataka), Bokaro (Jharkhand), Rourkela (Orissa), Bhilai (Chhatisgarh), Salem (T.N.), Vishakhapatnam (A.P.)
6
Aluminium Smelting
Located mainly near the sources of raw materials, means of transport and cheap electricity. In Hirakud, Koraput (Orissa), Renukoot (UP), Korba (MP), Ratnagiri (Maharashtra), Mettur (TN), Alwaye
7
Copper Smelting
In Khetri, Alwar, Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan), Singhbhum (Jharkhand), Agnigundala (A.P.)
8
Heavy Machinery Machine Tools Industry
In Ranchi, Vishakapattnam, Durgapur, Tiruchirapalli, Mumbai, Naini it forms the basis for the manufacturing of industrial, defence equipments, automobiles, railway engines and electrical machinery. In Bangalore, Pinjore (Haryana), Kalamassery (Kerala), Hyderabad, Secunderabad, Srinagar, Ajmer.
9
Heavy Electrical Equipments
Power generation equipments. In Bhopal, Tiruchirapalli, Jammu, Ramchandrapuram (Hyderabad), Hardwar, Bangalore, and Jagdishpur (UP).
10
Railway Equipments
Locomotives: In Chittaranjan (WB), Varanasi, Jamshedpur, Bhopal.
Coaches: Perambur(TN), Kapurthala (Punjab), also at Bangalore and Kolkata.
11
Ship Building
Hindustan Shipyard at Vishakhapatnam, Cochin Shipyard, Mumbai (Mazgaon Dock) and Kolkata (Garden Reach Workshop). For Indian Navy, only at Mazgaon
12
Cycles
In Mumbai, Asansol, Sonepat, Delhi, Chennai, Jalandhar and Ludhiana
13
Tractors
At Faridabad, Pinjore, Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai
14
Fertilizers
The location of fertilizer industry is closely related to petro-chemicals. About 70% of the plants producing nitrogenous fertilizers use naphtha as raw material Naphtha is a by-product of oil refiners. Phosphate plants are dependent on mineral phosphate found in UP and MP. Now natural gas based fertilizer plants are also being set up. The Fertilizer Corporation of India (FCL) was setup up in 1961. National Fertilizer Limited (NFL) was set up in 1974. In Sindri (Bihar), Nangal, Trombay, Gorakhpur, Durgapur, Namrup, Cochin, Rourkela, Neyveli, Varanasi, Vadodara, Vishakhapattnam, Kota and Kanpur
15
Pharmaceuticals and Drugs
Antibiotics are prepared at Pimpri and Rishikesh. The Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited has 5 plants at Hyderabad, Rishikesh, Chennai, Gurgaon and Muzaffarpur. A number of other units are concentrated in Mumbai, Baroda, Delhi, Kolkata and Kanpur.
16
Pesticides
Delhi and Alwaye
17
Sugar Industry
UP, Maharashtra, AP, TN, Karnataka and Bihar
18
Aircraft
Hindustan Aeronautics India Ltd. Was formed by merging two aircraft factories at Bangalore and Kanpur. Four other factories are at Nasik, Hyderabad, Koraput (Orissa), Lucknow
19
Rubber Industry
Bareilly (UP), Baroda (Gujarat) - Synthetic Rubber Units, Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Amritsar - Reclaimed Rubber Units
Labels: GK
IMPORTANT CROPS INDIA
Rice
West Bengal, Punjab, UP
Wheat
UP, Punjab, Haryana
Maize
Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka
Bajra
Rajasthan, Gujarat, UP
Jowar
Maharashtra, Karnataka, MP, AP
Total Coarse cereals
Maharashtra, Karnataka, UP
Total Pulses
MP, UP, Maharashtra
Total foodgrains
UP, Punjab, West Bengal
Groundnut
Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh
Rapeseed & Mustard
Rajasthan, UP, Haryana
Soyabean
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan
Sunflower
Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra
Total oil seeds
MP, Maharashtra, Rajasthan
Sugarcane
UP, Maharashtra, Karnataka
Cotton
Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh
Jute and Mesta
WB, Bihar, Assam
Tea
Assam, West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh
Coffee
Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu
Rubber
Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka
Silk
Karnataka, Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh.
In India all 4 varieties of silk are available; Mulberry, tussar, eri and muga. Mulberry is the main variety, while tussar is mainly found in Bihar.
Tobacco
Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka
Labels: GK
HILL STATIONS INDIA
Hill Stations
State Name
Almora (Kumaon hills)
Uttar Pradesh
Cherrapunji (Shillong)
Meghalaya
Coonoor (Nilgiri hills)
Tamil Nadu
Dalhousie
Himachal Pradesh
Darjeeling
West Bengal
Gulmarg
Kashmir (Highest)
Kasauli (Shimla)
Himachal Pradesh
Kodaikanal
Tamil Nadu
Mahabaleshwar
Maharashtra
Mt. Abu
Rajasthan
Mussoorie
Uttaranchal
Nainital
Uttaranchal
Ootacamund
Tamil Nadu
Pachmarhi
Madhya Pradesh
Ranchi
Jharkhand
Shillong (Khasi hills)
Meghalaya
Shimla
Himachal Pradesh
Srinagar
Jammu & Kashmir
Labels: GK
MAJOR PORTS IN INDIA
Western Coast
Eastern Coast
Kandla (Child of partition)
Kolkata – Haldia (riverine port)
Mumbai (busiest and biggest)
Paradip (exports raw iron into Japan)
Jawahar Lal Nehru (fastest growing)
Vishakhapatnam (deepest port)
Marmugao (naval base also)
Chennai (oldest and artificial)
Mangalore (exports Kudremukh iron-ore)
Ennore (most modern in private hands)
Cochin (natural Harbour)
Tuticorin (southernmost)
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