“A human being should be able to change a diaper, plan an invasion, butcher a hog, conn a ship, design a building, write a sonnet, balance accounts, build a wall, set a bone, comfort the dying, take orders, give orders, cooperate, act alone, solve equations, analyze a new problem, pitch manure, program a computer, cook a tasty meal, fight efficiently, and die gallantly. Specialization is for insects.” – Robert A. Heinlein
Scott Adams, creator of the popular comic strip Dilbert, has a simple but useful strategy of personal success: you can either choose to hyper-specialize and become the best in the world (top 1%) at doing one very specific thing, or you can try to become very good (top 25%) in as many different areas as possible, which you then can use in combination. The latter strategy is far easier, and is often more effective: by improving your skills in a few different but related areas, you increase your versatility and rarity, making your particular combination of skills more uniquely valuable.
If you’re interested in improving the quality of your life and work, there are the 12 primary areas of “Core Human Skill” you should focus on developing…
Information-Assimilation – how to find, consume, and comprehend information and identify what’s most important in the face of a problem or challenge. A person who is highly skilled in Information-Assimilation is able to process information quickly and apply it to the situation at hand, with consistently high levels of comprehension and retention.
Writing – how to communicate thoughts and ideas in written form clearly and concisely. A person who is highly skilled in Writing is able to convey information to others briefly and simply, as well as use writing to persuade and influence.
Speaking – how to communicate thoughts and ideas to others clearly, concisely, and with confidence. A person who is highly skilled in Speaking is able to communicate individually or in front of a group of people in an engaging manner, with little visible evidence of tension or stress.
Mathematics – how to accurately use concepts from arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics to analyze and solve common problems. A person who is highly skilled in Mathematics is able to use numbers, ratios, and equations to gain insight into present circumstances and potential future scenarios.
Decision-Making – how to identify critical issues, prioritize, focus energy/effort, recognize fallacies, avoid common errors, and handle ambiguity. A person who is highly skilled in Decision-Making is able to weigh available information and come to a supportable conclusion, without falling prey to common reasoning mistakes and cognitive bias.
Rapport – how to interact with other people in a way that encourages them to like, trust, and respect you. A person who is highly skilled in Rapport is able to build productive, mutually-beneficial relationships with a wide variety of people in a way that influences their perceptions and opinions.
Conflict-Resolution – how to anticipate potential sources of conflict and resolve disagreements when they occur. A person who is highly skilled in Conflict-Resolution is able to anticipate potential sources of conflict and counteract unproductive emotions, both individually and in groups.
Scenario-Generation – how to create, clarify, evaluate, and communicate a possible future scenario that assists in decision-making, either for yourself or another person. A person who is highly skilled in Scenario Generation is able to envision possible future events, identify likely tradeoffs, and suggest multiple options that will result in the achievement of an objective.
Planning – how to identify the necessary next steps to achieve an objective, account for dependencies, and prepare for the unknown and inevitable change via the use of contingencies. A person who is highly skilled in Planning is able to examine available resources, anticipate potential issues and risks, and propose new / better paths as more information becomes known.
Self-Awareness – how to accurately perceive and influence your own internal states and emotions, including effective management of limited energy, willpower, and focus. A person who is highly skilled in Self-Awareness is able to recognize what physical and emotional state they’re currently experiencing, utilize or compensate for their current state, and intentionally elicit / reinforce preferred states.
Interrelation – how to recognize, understand, and make use of key features of systems and relationships, including cause-and-effect, second and third-order effects, constraints, and feedback loops. A person who is highly skilled in Interrelation is able to identify the most important factors in a system, explore how they affect each other, and improve systems without provoking undesired consequences.
Skill Acquisition – how to go about learning a desired skill in a way that results in competence by finding and utilizing available resources, deconstructing complex processes, and actively experimenting with potential approaches. A person who is highly skilled in Skill Acquisition is able to continually improve their skills in any field through deliberate practice, observation, and intentional experimentation
Monday, January 25, 2010
Noble Awards- 2008
Chemistry:
Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie and Roger Y. Tsien:
For the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"
Physics:
Yoichiro Nambu, Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa:
For discoveries concerning nature's broken symmetry.
Medicine:
Harald zur Hausen, : For his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer.
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier: For their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus.
Literature:
Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio: Author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization
Peace:
Martti Ahtisaari, Finland has been named for Nobel Prize for Peace for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts.
Economics:
Paul Krugman has been selected for Noble Prize in economics for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity.
GK-1
1) Name of the ATS Mumbai Chief and NSG Commando from Bangalore who has died on 26th Nov, at Terrorist attack.
-ATS Chief: Hemant Karkare
-NSG Commando: Sundeep Unnilrishanan
2) Name of terrorist who was captured on 26th Nov, 2008 in Mumbai
- Azmal Amir Kasav
3) Who said “ Give me matter I will make a new world”
- Immanuel Kant
4) Who got prestigious Man Booker award recently for which and for which book?
- Arvind Adiga (The white Tiger)
5) Which is the country whose map is depicted on its flag.
- Cyprus (West Asia)
6) Generally flags are rectangular but there is the country whose flags is square.
- Switzerland
7) Who is the Prime minister of Pakistan?
- Yousaf Raza Gillani
8) Newly appointed Chief minister of Maharastra.
- Ashok Chavan (Congress)
9) Name of the Chief minister of Kerala who is in the news because of his comment on
Martyr Unnikrishanan of Banagalore.
- V.S.Achuthanandan (said, "If it had not been (Major) Sandeep's house, not even a dog would have gone there"
10) What is the capital city of India?
- Delhi (no its not right. its New Delhi)
11) Most Popular god of Vedic era in India.
- Indra
12) Which is the movie received the Best movie award at Cannes in 2008 and Oscar 2008.
- The Class (a French movie) – Cannes 2008
- No land for old man (English) – Oscar 2008
13) Which state / UT has the highest per capita Income and how much..
- Chandigarh – Rs 99,700 (National Per capita income Rs. 45,000)
14) Full form of HTML and CHAT.
- HTML-HyperText Markup Language
- CHAT-Conversational Hypertext Access Technology
15) Ozone layer is known as life blanket for the earth as its saves as from Ultraviolet Rays.
Chemical formula of Ozone.
- O3
16) What is the most abundant element on the crust of the earth (Crust is upper part of the earth)
- Oxygen
17) Google is derived from the word googol, what do you mean by Googol.
- 10 followed my 100 zeros
18) BRIC stands for Brazil, Russia, India and China but SAARC stands for.
- South Asian association for Regional cooperation – Head quarter – Katmandu (Nepal)
19) Cyclone is China is known as.
- Typoon
20) What is the south most point of India and where is it located?
- India point (Nicobar Island)
21) What is the original name of Santa Claus?
- Saint Nicholas
22) A Indian origin woman has become Lord mayor of England .
Name her.
-Manjula Sood (Leicester)
23) What are colors of rainbow / light.
- VIBGYOR (violet, Indigo, blue, Green, Yellow, Orage and Red)
24) Barack Obama has appointed Indian origin lady as one of his advisers.
- Sonal Shah
25) What is the rank of India In Hunger list out of 88 countries surveyed?
- 66th (high Hunger – children malnutrition, lower weight of children below 5 years of age and low intake of protein in diet)
26) The biggest and the smallest bones of our body.
- The Biggest – femur (thigh Bone) and Smallest – Stapes –(ear bone)
27) The Smallest country of the world and its area and Population.
- Vatican City (Near Rome, Italy) Area 0.44 Sq Km, Population - 824
28) Name of a country in which all 5 vowels are there. (One word)
- Mozambique (located at Eastern side of South Africa)
29) (5/5/5) 5 divided by 5 divided by 5 =?
- .1 (5* 1/5 *1/5)
30) What are the three numbers if you multiply or add will give you the same result.
- 1, 2, 3 (1+ 2+3=6 and 1*2*3=6)
31) Byte is a unit of computer’s memory. How many bytes equals to one MG (mega byte).
= 1024 * 1024 (1024 bytes = 1 kilo byte, 1024 kilo bye = 1 Mega byte)
32) India celebrates her republic day on 26th January of every year as our constitution was adopted on 26th January 1950, why they have selected 26th January to adopt it though it was ready on 26th November 1949.
- Indian has celebrated first Independence Day on 26th Jan 1930 , to make the day memorable 26th January was chosen .
33) Who is the Chairman of ISRO? In news because of the launch of Chandrayaan –1
- G. Madhavan Nair
34) In which year the state Karnataka reorganized as a State by adding coorg and some part of AP and some parts of south Maharastra, when was it renamed as Karnataka?
- 1st November 1956, Renamed as Karnataka in 1973, old name state of Mysore)
35) Name the language, which if spelled from forward or backward gives the same name.
- Malayalam
36) SEBI has allowed Currency trading recently, the Exchange where it can be traded.
- NSE, BSE and MCX
-ATS Chief: Hemant Karkare
-NSG Commando: Sundeep Unnilrishanan
2) Name of terrorist who was captured on 26th Nov, 2008 in Mumbai
- Azmal Amir Kasav
3) Who said “ Give me matter I will make a new world”
- Immanuel Kant
4) Who got prestigious Man Booker award recently for which and for which book?
- Arvind Adiga (The white Tiger)
5) Which is the country whose map is depicted on its flag.
- Cyprus (West Asia)
6) Generally flags are rectangular but there is the country whose flags is square.
- Switzerland
7) Who is the Prime minister of Pakistan?
- Yousaf Raza Gillani
8) Newly appointed Chief minister of Maharastra.
- Ashok Chavan (Congress)
9) Name of the Chief minister of Kerala who is in the news because of his comment on
Martyr Unnikrishanan of Banagalore.
- V.S.Achuthanandan (said, "If it had not been (Major) Sandeep's house, not even a dog would have gone there"
10) What is the capital city of India?
- Delhi (no its not right. its New Delhi)
11) Most Popular god of Vedic era in India.
- Indra
12) Which is the movie received the Best movie award at Cannes in 2008 and Oscar 2008.
- The Class (a French movie) – Cannes 2008
- No land for old man (English) – Oscar 2008
13) Which state / UT has the highest per capita Income and how much..
- Chandigarh – Rs 99,700 (National Per capita income Rs. 45,000)
14) Full form of HTML and CHAT.
- HTML-HyperText Markup Language
- CHAT-Conversational Hypertext Access Technology
15) Ozone layer is known as life blanket for the earth as its saves as from Ultraviolet Rays.
Chemical formula of Ozone.
- O3
16) What is the most abundant element on the crust of the earth (Crust is upper part of the earth)
- Oxygen
17) Google is derived from the word googol, what do you mean by Googol.
- 10 followed my 100 zeros
18) BRIC stands for Brazil, Russia, India and China but SAARC stands for.
- South Asian association for Regional cooperation – Head quarter – Katmandu (Nepal)
19) Cyclone is China is known as.
- Typoon
20) What is the south most point of India and where is it located?
- India point (Nicobar Island)
21) What is the original name of Santa Claus?
- Saint Nicholas
22) A Indian origin woman has become Lord mayor of England .
Name her.
-Manjula Sood (Leicester)
23) What are colors of rainbow / light.
- VIBGYOR (violet, Indigo, blue, Green, Yellow, Orage and Red)
24) Barack Obama has appointed Indian origin lady as one of his advisers.
- Sonal Shah
25) What is the rank of India In Hunger list out of 88 countries surveyed?
- 66th (high Hunger – children malnutrition, lower weight of children below 5 years of age and low intake of protein in diet)
26) The biggest and the smallest bones of our body.
- The Biggest – femur (thigh Bone) and Smallest – Stapes –(ear bone)
27) The Smallest country of the world and its area and Population.
- Vatican City (Near Rome, Italy) Area 0.44 Sq Km, Population - 824
28) Name of a country in which all 5 vowels are there. (One word)
- Mozambique (located at Eastern side of South Africa)
29) (5/5/5) 5 divided by 5 divided by 5 =?
- .1 (5* 1/5 *1/5)
30) What are the three numbers if you multiply or add will give you the same result.
- 1, 2, 3 (1+ 2+3=6 and 1*2*3=6)
31) Byte is a unit of computer’s memory. How many bytes equals to one MG (mega byte).
= 1024 * 1024 (1024 bytes = 1 kilo byte, 1024 kilo bye = 1 Mega byte)
32) India celebrates her republic day on 26th January of every year as our constitution was adopted on 26th January 1950, why they have selected 26th January to adopt it though it was ready on 26th November 1949.
- Indian has celebrated first Independence Day on 26th Jan 1930 , to make the day memorable 26th January was chosen .
33) Who is the Chairman of ISRO? In news because of the launch of Chandrayaan –1
- G. Madhavan Nair
34) In which year the state Karnataka reorganized as a State by adding coorg and some part of AP and some parts of south Maharastra, when was it renamed as Karnataka?
- 1st November 1956, Renamed as Karnataka in 1973, old name state of Mysore)
35) Name the language, which if spelled from forward or backward gives the same name.
- Malayalam
36) SEBI has allowed Currency trading recently, the Exchange where it can be traded.
- NSE, BSE and MCX
26/11 - the Mumbai Attacks
1. The attack on 26/11 was so shocking that it was referred to as India’s 9/11! The 26/11 attack was the first terror attack of its kind in the city of Mumbai.
Mumbai is the financial capital of India and houses not only the stock exchange but is the headquarters of many a business corporation. Mumbai has had to face terror attacks more than once. Mumbai faced a major terror attack in 1993, when terrorists launched a series of bomb attacks at 13 places killing more than 250 people. From 2002 to 2003, there were more than 5 attacks killing more than 60 people. On July 11th 2006, terrorists planted bombs in trains killing more than 200 people. The city of Mumbai unfortunately had become a prime target for terrorism.
2. Which was the terrorist organization believed to be behind the 26/11 attack? Lashkar-e-Toiba
The Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) is a terrorist organization that has launched many a terrorist attack against India. LeT has carried out number of strikes in the troubled Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir and is also believed to be behind the 1993, 2003 and 2006 attacks in Mumbai. LeT is believed to receive technical and logistical support from ISI – the Pakistan Intelligence agency.
3. How did the terrorists reach Mumbai to carry out the attack? By boat
On 26th November 2008, ten terrorists entered Mumbai by boat. It is believed that the ten terrorists came from Karachi, took over a fishing trawler (Kuber) and then used an inflatable boat to land at Mumbai near Colaba. The terrorists are believed to have landed at 8:00pm and the terror attacks began at 9:20pm.
4. Which among the following places was NOT a target of the terrorists? Bombay The CST Railway station, Oberoi Trident Hospital, Taj Mahal Hotel and Nariman House,Stock Exchange
The terrorists struck at the following places – The CST Railway station, Oberoi Trident Hospital, Taj Mahal Hotel and Nariman House. They also had skirmishes with the police near Metro Cinema and Cama hospital. The Bombay Stock Exchange, which was targeted in 1993, was not attacked this time.
5. The chief of the Mumbai anti-terrorist squad was among the first to be killed in the attack. True
The city of Mumbai was shocked when they learnt that Hemant Karkare, the Chief of the Mumbai anti-terrorist squad was killed in the terror attack. After the terrorists attacked the CST railway station, they moved on to Cama hospital, where Hemant Karkare accompanied by other key officers including Ashok Kamte, the Additional Commissioner of police took on the terrorists. While the police officers were on the chase, they were ambushed by two of the terrorists, who killed them and took their car and fled from the scene.
6. Which was the Indian organization that led the counter-attack on the terrorists? NSG
The NSG or the National Security Guard is a commando force (known as Black Cats) whose main responsibility is fighting terrorists. The NSG commandos were flown in from their base in Delhi to lead the attack against the terrorists. The RAW (Research and Analysis Wing) and IB (Intelligence Bureau) are the Indian intelligence agencies which faced severe criticism after the attacks. The Shiv Sena is a Mumbai based right-wing political party.
7. What happened to the terrorists after the attack?
Nine were killed and one captured
The terrorists targeted three main places – the Taj Mahal hotel, the Oberoi/Trident hotels and Nariman house. Two other terrorists carried out attacks at other places as a diversionary attack. While the two of them were attempting to flee, they were stopped by the Mumbai police. One of the terrorists died and the other Ajmal Amir Kasab was captured alive. Most of the information about the background of the attack is based on the confessions of the captured terrorist Ajmal Amir Kasab.All the terrorists at the Taj Mahal, Oberoi and Trident hotels and the Nariman House were killed by the NSG commandos after a prolonged attack.
8. What was the total number of casualties in the terror attack? 188 killed, 293 injured
The 26/11 attack on Mumbai was one of the worst terrorist attacks in India. The bloody siege at the Taj and Oberoi hotels saw the death of many innocent people. A total of 188 people were killed and 293 injured in the attacks. Out of the dead, 158 were Indians and the others included 4 Americans, 4 Australians, and 2 Israelis. The terrorists deliberately targeted Nariman House, which was a Jewish centre. Among the dead were 15 policemen and 2 commandos.
9. There was severe criticism of the government in power after the attack and heads rolled after the attack. Who among the following were NOT among those who had to resign in the days following the attack?
The Chief Minister and Home Minister of Maharashtra ,The Mumbai Commissioner of Police
The UPA Government in power in India at the time of the attack had been under attack for not taking stringent measures against terrorism. After the attacks, the Indian Government and the Government of the state of Maharashtra (where Mumbai is located) were severely criticized for intelligence failures, for failing to take quick action and not strengthening security measures. In the fallout from the Mumbai attack, the Home Minister of India Shivraj Patil submitted his resignation from the Union cabinet. The Chief Minister and Home Minister of Maharashtra Vilasrao Deshmukh and RR Patil also had to resign.
10. There was immense pressure on the Government of Pakistan to take action against those believed to be responsible for the attack. Which international leader visited Pakistan just after the attack to pressurize them to act? US Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice
In the wake of the terrorist attacks, world leaders joined in to condemn the attack. The confessions of the captured terrorist revealed that the Lashkar-e-Toiba was behind the attacks. Also there was evidence to suggest that the ISI, Pakistan’s intelligence wing, was behind the attack. India issued a demarche to Pakistan demanding action against the leaders of the LeT in Pakistan. The US Secretary of state Condoleeza Rice visited India on 4th December 2008. She also visited Pakistan and made it clear that if Pakistan does not act, then the US would! As a result of the international pressure, Pakistan arrested key leaders of the LeT including Hafiz Saeed. The UN Security Council also stepped in and passed a resolution to ban the Jamaat-ud-Dawa, believed to be the front organization of the LeT.
Mumbai is the financial capital of India and houses not only the stock exchange but is the headquarters of many a business corporation. Mumbai has had to face terror attacks more than once. Mumbai faced a major terror attack in 1993, when terrorists launched a series of bomb attacks at 13 places killing more than 250 people. From 2002 to 2003, there were more than 5 attacks killing more than 60 people. On July 11th 2006, terrorists planted bombs in trains killing more than 200 people. The city of Mumbai unfortunately had become a prime target for terrorism.
2. Which was the terrorist organization believed to be behind the 26/11 attack? Lashkar-e-Toiba
The Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) is a terrorist organization that has launched many a terrorist attack against India. LeT has carried out number of strikes in the troubled Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir and is also believed to be behind the 1993, 2003 and 2006 attacks in Mumbai. LeT is believed to receive technical and logistical support from ISI – the Pakistan Intelligence agency.
3. How did the terrorists reach Mumbai to carry out the attack? By boat
On 26th November 2008, ten terrorists entered Mumbai by boat. It is believed that the ten terrorists came from Karachi, took over a fishing trawler (Kuber) and then used an inflatable boat to land at Mumbai near Colaba. The terrorists are believed to have landed at 8:00pm and the terror attacks began at 9:20pm.
4. Which among the following places was NOT a target of the terrorists? Bombay The CST Railway station, Oberoi Trident Hospital, Taj Mahal Hotel and Nariman House,Stock Exchange
The terrorists struck at the following places – The CST Railway station, Oberoi Trident Hospital, Taj Mahal Hotel and Nariman House. They also had skirmishes with the police near Metro Cinema and Cama hospital. The Bombay Stock Exchange, which was targeted in 1993, was not attacked this time.
5. The chief of the Mumbai anti-terrorist squad was among the first to be killed in the attack. True
The city of Mumbai was shocked when they learnt that Hemant Karkare, the Chief of the Mumbai anti-terrorist squad was killed in the terror attack. After the terrorists attacked the CST railway station, they moved on to Cama hospital, where Hemant Karkare accompanied by other key officers including Ashok Kamte, the Additional Commissioner of police took on the terrorists. While the police officers were on the chase, they were ambushed by two of the terrorists, who killed them and took their car and fled from the scene.
6. Which was the Indian organization that led the counter-attack on the terrorists? NSG
The NSG or the National Security Guard is a commando force (known as Black Cats) whose main responsibility is fighting terrorists. The NSG commandos were flown in from their base in Delhi to lead the attack against the terrorists. The RAW (Research and Analysis Wing) and IB (Intelligence Bureau) are the Indian intelligence agencies which faced severe criticism after the attacks. The Shiv Sena is a Mumbai based right-wing political party.
7. What happened to the terrorists after the attack?
Nine were killed and one captured
The terrorists targeted three main places – the Taj Mahal hotel, the Oberoi/Trident hotels and Nariman house. Two other terrorists carried out attacks at other places as a diversionary attack. While the two of them were attempting to flee, they were stopped by the Mumbai police. One of the terrorists died and the other Ajmal Amir Kasab was captured alive. Most of the information about the background of the attack is based on the confessions of the captured terrorist Ajmal Amir Kasab.All the terrorists at the Taj Mahal, Oberoi and Trident hotels and the Nariman House were killed by the NSG commandos after a prolonged attack.
8. What was the total number of casualties in the terror attack? 188 killed, 293 injured
The 26/11 attack on Mumbai was one of the worst terrorist attacks in India. The bloody siege at the Taj and Oberoi hotels saw the death of many innocent people. A total of 188 people were killed and 293 injured in the attacks. Out of the dead, 158 were Indians and the others included 4 Americans, 4 Australians, and 2 Israelis. The terrorists deliberately targeted Nariman House, which was a Jewish centre. Among the dead were 15 policemen and 2 commandos.
9. There was severe criticism of the government in power after the attack and heads rolled after the attack. Who among the following were NOT among those who had to resign in the days following the attack?
The Chief Minister and Home Minister of Maharashtra ,The Mumbai Commissioner of Police
The UPA Government in power in India at the time of the attack had been under attack for not taking stringent measures against terrorism. After the attacks, the Indian Government and the Government of the state of Maharashtra (where Mumbai is located) were severely criticized for intelligence failures, for failing to take quick action and not strengthening security measures. In the fallout from the Mumbai attack, the Home Minister of India Shivraj Patil submitted his resignation from the Union cabinet. The Chief Minister and Home Minister of Maharashtra Vilasrao Deshmukh and RR Patil also had to resign.
10. There was immense pressure on the Government of Pakistan to take action against those believed to be responsible for the attack. Which international leader visited Pakistan just after the attack to pressurize them to act? US Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice
In the wake of the terrorist attacks, world leaders joined in to condemn the attack. The confessions of the captured terrorist revealed that the Lashkar-e-Toiba was behind the attacks. Also there was evidence to suggest that the ISI, Pakistan’s intelligence wing, was behind the attack. India issued a demarche to Pakistan demanding action against the leaders of the LeT in Pakistan. The US Secretary of state Condoleeza Rice visited India on 4th December 2008. She also visited Pakistan and made it clear that if Pakistan does not act, then the US would! As a result of the international pressure, Pakistan arrested key leaders of the LeT including Hafiz Saeed. The UN Security Council also stepped in and passed a resolution to ban the Jamaat-ud-Dawa, believed to be the front organization of the LeT.
INDIAN ECONOMY 2008-09 QUIZ
Indian Economy 2008-09 Quiz
1. The outlay of Railways annual plan 2008–09 (as Rail Budget 2008–09) has been hiked by 21% which stands at—
Rs. 37,500 crorec
2. Allocation for waiving farmer’s loan in budget 2008–09 stands at—
Rs. 60,000 crore
3. As budget proposals for 2008–09 the percentage share of direct taxes, in gross tax revenue is—
53·07%
4. Chelliah Committee recommended to tax the agriculture income of non-farmers having income above—
Rs. 25000
5. Twelfth Finance Commission under Chairmanship of Dr. C. Rangrajan has submitted its final report on—
November 30, 2004
6. ‘Open market operation’ is a part of—
Credit Policy
7. The city having highest population in the world is—
Mexico City
8. Targeted power capacity addition for 11th plan period is—
66463 MW
9. The Ex-officio Secretary of NDC is—
Secretary of Planning Commission
10. 15th SAARC Summit was held in July–August 2008. The changed venue of the summit is—
Sri Lanka
11. The Finance Commission is appointed for every
5 Years
12. 11th National Conference on e-governance was held on 7–8 February, 2008 at—
Panchkula (Haryana)
13. Which percentage of Central Taxes have been recommended by the 12th Finance Commission to be transferred to States ?
30·5%
14. Which state possesses the maximum percentage of SC population ?
Punjab
15. Government was decided to cover all districts of the country in National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (NREGP)—
Upto March 31, 2008
16.What is ‘NIKKEI’ ?
Share Price Index of Tokyo Share
17. NABARD was established on the recommendation of—
Shivaraman Committee
18. Sampurna Gramin Rojgar Yojana has been launched from—
25th Sept., 2001
19. Which company is providing mobile service with name ‘Cell one’ to the consumers ?
BSNL
20. VAT is imposed—
On all stages between production and final sale
1. The outlay of Railways annual plan 2008–09 (as Rail Budget 2008–09) has been hiked by 21% which stands at—
Rs. 37,500 crorec
2. Allocation for waiving farmer’s loan in budget 2008–09 stands at—
Rs. 60,000 crore
3. As budget proposals for 2008–09 the percentage share of direct taxes, in gross tax revenue is—
53·07%
4. Chelliah Committee recommended to tax the agriculture income of non-farmers having income above—
Rs. 25000
5. Twelfth Finance Commission under Chairmanship of Dr. C. Rangrajan has submitted its final report on—
November 30, 2004
6. ‘Open market operation’ is a part of—
Credit Policy
7. The city having highest population in the world is—
Mexico City
8. Targeted power capacity addition for 11th plan period is—
66463 MW
9. The Ex-officio Secretary of NDC is—
Secretary of Planning Commission
10. 15th SAARC Summit was held in July–August 2008. The changed venue of the summit is—
Sri Lanka
11. The Finance Commission is appointed for every
5 Years
12. 11th National Conference on e-governance was held on 7–8 February, 2008 at—
Panchkula (Haryana)
13. Which percentage of Central Taxes have been recommended by the 12th Finance Commission to be transferred to States ?
30·5%
14. Which state possesses the maximum percentage of SC population ?
Punjab
15. Government was decided to cover all districts of the country in National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (NREGP)—
Upto March 31, 2008
16.What is ‘NIKKEI’ ?
Share Price Index of Tokyo Share
17. NABARD was established on the recommendation of—
Shivaraman Committee
18. Sampurna Gramin Rojgar Yojana has been launched from—
25th Sept., 2001
19. Which company is providing mobile service with name ‘Cell one’ to the consumers ?
BSNL
20. VAT is imposed—
On all stages between production and final sale
INDIA AT GLANCE
NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS
Tarapur
In Maharashtra - India's oldest and biggest
Kalpakkam
In Tamil Nadu, called Indira Gandhi Nuclear Power Station
Rawatbhata
In Kota, Rajasthan
Narora
In Uttar Pradesh
Kaiga
In Karnataka
Kakrapara
In Gujarat
Kudankulam
In Tamil Nadu, under construction with the assistance of Russia
Labels: GK
DAMS their RESERVOIRS
Gudha Dam
On Chambal in Rajasthan
Gandhi Sagar Dam
(MP) on Chambal
Rana Pratap Sagar Dam.
Rajasthan on Chambal
Jawahar Sagar Dam
on Chambal
Ukai Dam
Ukai Reservoir, on Tapti in Gujrat
Tilaiya Dam
Tilaiya Reservoir on Barakar River, Jharkhand
Konar Reservoir
on Damodar River, Jharkhand
Rihand Dam
Gobind pant sagar Reservoir,
Hirakud Dam
Hirakud Reservoir
Balimela Reservoir
On Sileru River, Orissa
Tandula Tank
On Mahanadi, Chattisgarh
Bhavani Sagar Reservoir
on Bhavani River, Tamil Nadu
Mettur Dam
On Cauvery Stanley Reservoir in Tamil Nadu
KRS Dam
KrishnaRajaSagara Reservoir, on Cauvery in Karnataka
Bhadra Dam
Bhadra Reservoir, on Bhadra River in Karnataka
Tunga Bhadra Dam
Tungabhadra Reservoir, On Tungabhadra River in Karn
Linganamakki Reservoir
On Sharavathi River In Karnataka
Koyna Dam
Koyna Reservoir, on Krishna River, Maharashtra
Nagarjuna Sagar Dam
Nagarjuna Sagar Reservoir on Krishna, Andhra Pradesh
Nizam Sagar Dam
Nizam Sagar Reservoir, on Manjra in Andhra Pradesh
Labels: GK
IMPORTANT RIVER VALLEY PROJECTS
Project Name
River Name
Bhakra Nangal Project
On Sutlaj in Punjab(Now in Himachal Pradesh). Highest in India. Ht 226 m. Reservoir is called Gobind Sagar Lake. Bhakra and Nangal are two separate projects.
Mandi Project
On Beas in HP
Chambal Valley Project
On Chambal in MP & Rajasthan. 3 dams are there: Gandhi Sagar Dam(MP), Rana Pratap Sagar Dam (Rajasthan) and Jawahar Sagar Dam.
Damodar Valley Project
On Damodar in Bihar.
Based on Tennessee Valley Project, USA.
Hirakud Project
On Mahanadi in Orissa. World's longest dam: 4801m
Rihand Project
On Son in Mirzapur.
Reservoir is called Govind Vallabh Pant reservoir.
Kosi Project
On Kosi in N.Bihar.
Mayurkashi Project
On Mayrukashi in WB.
Kakrapara Project
On Tapi in Gujarat.
Nizamsagar Project
On Manjra in AP.
Nagarjuna Sagar Project
On Krishna in AP
Tungabhadra Project
On Tungabhadra in AP & Karnataka
Shivasamudram Project
On Cauvery in Karnataka.
It is the oldest river valley project of India.
Tata Hydel Scheme
On Bhima in Maharashtra
Sharavathi Hydel Project
On Jog Falls in Karnataka
Kundah & Periyar Project
In TN
Farakka Project
On Ganga in WB. Apart from power and irrigation it helps to remove silt for easy navigation.
Ukai Project
On Tapti in Gujarat
Mahi Project
On Mahi in Gujarat
Salal Project
On Chenab in J & K
Mata Tila Multipurpose Project
On Betwa in UP & MP
Thein Project
On Ravi, Punjab
Pong Dam
On Beas, Punjab
Tehri Project
On Bhgirathi, Uttaranchal
Sardar Sarovar Project
On Narmada, Gujarat/MP
Labels: GK
INDUSTRIES IN INDIA
1
Cotton Textile
Most important industry in terms of employment and production of export goods. In Maharashtra (Mumbai, Sholapur, Pune, Kolhapur, Satara, Wardha, Hajipur), Gujarat (Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Rajkot, Surat, Bhavnagar), Tamil Nadu (Coimbatore Manchestor of South India). Tamil Nadu has the largest number of cotton textile mills in India
2
Jute
India manufactures the largest quantity of jute goods in the world. Mainly located in West Bengal, followed by Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, UP, MP
3
Silk Textile
The location of silk industry is governed by two factors - prevalence of sericulture practices and availability of skilled labour. Karnataka is the leading producer, followed by West Bengal, Bihar, etc
4
Woollen Textiles
In Punjab (Dhariwal, Amritsar, Ludhiana, Ferozpur), Maharashtra (Mumbai), UP (Kanpur, Mirzapur, Agra, Tanakpur), etc
5
Iron and steel
Located near the sources of raw materials and fuel (coal). In Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), Durgapur, Burnpur (W.B.), Bhadrwati (Karnataka), Bokaro (Jharkhand), Rourkela (Orissa), Bhilai (Chhatisgarh), Salem (T.N.), Vishakhapatnam (A.P.)
6
Aluminium Smelting
Located mainly near the sources of raw materials, means of transport and cheap electricity. In Hirakud, Koraput (Orissa), Renukoot (UP), Korba (MP), Ratnagiri (Maharashtra), Mettur (TN), Alwaye
7
Copper Smelting
In Khetri, Alwar, Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan), Singhbhum (Jharkhand), Agnigundala (A.P.)
8
Heavy Machinery Machine Tools Industry
In Ranchi, Vishakapattnam, Durgapur, Tiruchirapalli, Mumbai, Naini it forms the basis for the manufacturing of industrial, defence equipments, automobiles, railway engines and electrical machinery. In Bangalore, Pinjore (Haryana), Kalamassery (Kerala), Hyderabad, Secunderabad, Srinagar, Ajmer.
9
Heavy Electrical Equipments
Power generation equipments. In Bhopal, Tiruchirapalli, Jammu, Ramchandrapuram (Hyderabad), Hardwar, Bangalore, and Jagdishpur (UP).
10
Railway Equipments
Locomotives: In Chittaranjan (WB), Varanasi, Jamshedpur, Bhopal.
Coaches: Perambur(TN), Kapurthala (Punjab), also at Bangalore and Kolkata.
11
Ship Building
Hindustan Shipyard at Vishakhapatnam, Cochin Shipyard, Mumbai (Mazgaon Dock) and Kolkata (Garden Reach Workshop). For Indian Navy, only at Mazgaon
12
Cycles
In Mumbai, Asansol, Sonepat, Delhi, Chennai, Jalandhar and Ludhiana
13
Tractors
At Faridabad, Pinjore, Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai
14
Fertilizers
The location of fertilizer industry is closely related to petro-chemicals. About 70% of the plants producing nitrogenous fertilizers use naphtha as raw material Naphtha is a by-product of oil refiners. Phosphate plants are dependent on mineral phosphate found in UP and MP. Now natural gas based fertilizer plants are also being set up. The Fertilizer Corporation of India (FCL) was setup up in 1961. National Fertilizer Limited (NFL) was set up in 1974. In Sindri (Bihar), Nangal, Trombay, Gorakhpur, Durgapur, Namrup, Cochin, Rourkela, Neyveli, Varanasi, Vadodara, Vishakhapattnam, Kota and Kanpur
15
Pharmaceuticals and Drugs
Antibiotics are prepared at Pimpri and Rishikesh. The Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited has 5 plants at Hyderabad, Rishikesh, Chennai, Gurgaon and Muzaffarpur. A number of other units are concentrated in Mumbai, Baroda, Delhi, Kolkata and Kanpur.
16
Pesticides
Delhi and Alwaye
17
Sugar Industry
UP, Maharashtra, AP, TN, Karnataka and Bihar
18
Aircraft
Hindustan Aeronautics India Ltd. Was formed by merging two aircraft factories at Bangalore and Kanpur. Four other factories are at Nasik, Hyderabad, Koraput (Orissa), Lucknow
19
Rubber Industry
Bareilly (UP), Baroda (Gujarat) - Synthetic Rubber Units, Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Amritsar - Reclaimed Rubber Units
Labels: GK
IMPORTANT CROPS INDIA
Rice
West Bengal, Punjab, UP
Wheat
UP, Punjab, Haryana
Maize
Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka
Bajra
Rajasthan, Gujarat, UP
Jowar
Maharashtra, Karnataka, MP, AP
Total Coarse cereals
Maharashtra, Karnataka, UP
Total Pulses
MP, UP, Maharashtra
Total foodgrains
UP, Punjab, West Bengal
Groundnut
Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh
Rapeseed & Mustard
Rajasthan, UP, Haryana
Soyabean
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan
Sunflower
Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra
Total oil seeds
MP, Maharashtra, Rajasthan
Sugarcane
UP, Maharashtra, Karnataka
Cotton
Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh
Jute and Mesta
WB, Bihar, Assam
Tea
Assam, West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh
Coffee
Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu
Rubber
Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka
Silk
Karnataka, Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh.
In India all 4 varieties of silk are available; Mulberry, tussar, eri and muga. Mulberry is the main variety, while tussar is mainly found in Bihar.
Tobacco
Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka
Labels: GK
HILL STATIONS INDIA
Hill Stations
State Name
Almora (Kumaon hills)
Uttar Pradesh
Cherrapunji (Shillong)
Meghalaya
Coonoor (Nilgiri hills)
Tamil Nadu
Dalhousie
Himachal Pradesh
Darjeeling
West Bengal
Gulmarg
Kashmir (Highest)
Kasauli (Shimla)
Himachal Pradesh
Kodaikanal
Tamil Nadu
Mahabaleshwar
Maharashtra
Mt. Abu
Rajasthan
Mussoorie
Uttaranchal
Nainital
Uttaranchal
Ootacamund
Tamil Nadu
Pachmarhi
Madhya Pradesh
Ranchi
Jharkhand
Shillong (Khasi hills)
Meghalaya
Shimla
Himachal Pradesh
Srinagar
Jammu & Kashmir
Labels: GK
MAJOR PORTS IN INDIA
Western Coast
Eastern Coast
Kandla (Child of partition)
Kolkata – Haldia (riverine port)
Mumbai (busiest and biggest)
Paradip (exports raw iron into Japan)
Jawahar Lal Nehru (fastest growing)
Vishakhapatnam (deepest port)
Marmugao (naval base also)
Chennai (oldest and artificial)
Mangalore (exports Kudremukh iron-ore)
Ennore (most modern in private hands)
Cochin (natural Harbour)
Tuticorin (southernmost)
Tarapur
In Maharashtra - India's oldest and biggest
Kalpakkam
In Tamil Nadu, called Indira Gandhi Nuclear Power Station
Rawatbhata
In Kota, Rajasthan
Narora
In Uttar Pradesh
Kaiga
In Karnataka
Kakrapara
In Gujarat
Kudankulam
In Tamil Nadu, under construction with the assistance of Russia
Labels: GK
DAMS their RESERVOIRS
Gudha Dam
On Chambal in Rajasthan
Gandhi Sagar Dam
(MP) on Chambal
Rana Pratap Sagar Dam.
Rajasthan on Chambal
Jawahar Sagar Dam
on Chambal
Ukai Dam
Ukai Reservoir, on Tapti in Gujrat
Tilaiya Dam
Tilaiya Reservoir on Barakar River, Jharkhand
Konar Reservoir
on Damodar River, Jharkhand
Rihand Dam
Gobind pant sagar Reservoir,
Hirakud Dam
Hirakud Reservoir
Balimela Reservoir
On Sileru River, Orissa
Tandula Tank
On Mahanadi, Chattisgarh
Bhavani Sagar Reservoir
on Bhavani River, Tamil Nadu
Mettur Dam
On Cauvery Stanley Reservoir in Tamil Nadu
KRS Dam
KrishnaRajaSagara Reservoir, on Cauvery in Karnataka
Bhadra Dam
Bhadra Reservoir, on Bhadra River in Karnataka
Tunga Bhadra Dam
Tungabhadra Reservoir, On Tungabhadra River in Karn
Linganamakki Reservoir
On Sharavathi River In Karnataka
Koyna Dam
Koyna Reservoir, on Krishna River, Maharashtra
Nagarjuna Sagar Dam
Nagarjuna Sagar Reservoir on Krishna, Andhra Pradesh
Nizam Sagar Dam
Nizam Sagar Reservoir, on Manjra in Andhra Pradesh
Labels: GK
IMPORTANT RIVER VALLEY PROJECTS
Project Name
River Name
Bhakra Nangal Project
On Sutlaj in Punjab(Now in Himachal Pradesh). Highest in India. Ht 226 m. Reservoir is called Gobind Sagar Lake. Bhakra and Nangal are two separate projects.
Mandi Project
On Beas in HP
Chambal Valley Project
On Chambal in MP & Rajasthan. 3 dams are there: Gandhi Sagar Dam(MP), Rana Pratap Sagar Dam (Rajasthan) and Jawahar Sagar Dam.
Damodar Valley Project
On Damodar in Bihar.
Based on Tennessee Valley Project, USA.
Hirakud Project
On Mahanadi in Orissa. World's longest dam: 4801m
Rihand Project
On Son in Mirzapur.
Reservoir is called Govind Vallabh Pant reservoir.
Kosi Project
On Kosi in N.Bihar.
Mayurkashi Project
On Mayrukashi in WB.
Kakrapara Project
On Tapi in Gujarat.
Nizamsagar Project
On Manjra in AP.
Nagarjuna Sagar Project
On Krishna in AP
Tungabhadra Project
On Tungabhadra in AP & Karnataka
Shivasamudram Project
On Cauvery in Karnataka.
It is the oldest river valley project of India.
Tata Hydel Scheme
On Bhima in Maharashtra
Sharavathi Hydel Project
On Jog Falls in Karnataka
Kundah & Periyar Project
In TN
Farakka Project
On Ganga in WB. Apart from power and irrigation it helps to remove silt for easy navigation.
Ukai Project
On Tapti in Gujarat
Mahi Project
On Mahi in Gujarat
Salal Project
On Chenab in J & K
Mata Tila Multipurpose Project
On Betwa in UP & MP
Thein Project
On Ravi, Punjab
Pong Dam
On Beas, Punjab
Tehri Project
On Bhgirathi, Uttaranchal
Sardar Sarovar Project
On Narmada, Gujarat/MP
Labels: GK
INDUSTRIES IN INDIA
1
Cotton Textile
Most important industry in terms of employment and production of export goods. In Maharashtra (Mumbai, Sholapur, Pune, Kolhapur, Satara, Wardha, Hajipur), Gujarat (Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Rajkot, Surat, Bhavnagar), Tamil Nadu (Coimbatore Manchestor of South India). Tamil Nadu has the largest number of cotton textile mills in India
2
Jute
India manufactures the largest quantity of jute goods in the world. Mainly located in West Bengal, followed by Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, UP, MP
3
Silk Textile
The location of silk industry is governed by two factors - prevalence of sericulture practices and availability of skilled labour. Karnataka is the leading producer, followed by West Bengal, Bihar, etc
4
Woollen Textiles
In Punjab (Dhariwal, Amritsar, Ludhiana, Ferozpur), Maharashtra (Mumbai), UP (Kanpur, Mirzapur, Agra, Tanakpur), etc
5
Iron and steel
Located near the sources of raw materials and fuel (coal). In Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), Durgapur, Burnpur (W.B.), Bhadrwati (Karnataka), Bokaro (Jharkhand), Rourkela (Orissa), Bhilai (Chhatisgarh), Salem (T.N.), Vishakhapatnam (A.P.)
6
Aluminium Smelting
Located mainly near the sources of raw materials, means of transport and cheap electricity. In Hirakud, Koraput (Orissa), Renukoot (UP), Korba (MP), Ratnagiri (Maharashtra), Mettur (TN), Alwaye
7
Copper Smelting
In Khetri, Alwar, Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan), Singhbhum (Jharkhand), Agnigundala (A.P.)
8
Heavy Machinery Machine Tools Industry
In Ranchi, Vishakapattnam, Durgapur, Tiruchirapalli, Mumbai, Naini it forms the basis for the manufacturing of industrial, defence equipments, automobiles, railway engines and electrical machinery. In Bangalore, Pinjore (Haryana), Kalamassery (Kerala), Hyderabad, Secunderabad, Srinagar, Ajmer.
9
Heavy Electrical Equipments
Power generation equipments. In Bhopal, Tiruchirapalli, Jammu, Ramchandrapuram (Hyderabad), Hardwar, Bangalore, and Jagdishpur (UP).
10
Railway Equipments
Locomotives: In Chittaranjan (WB), Varanasi, Jamshedpur, Bhopal.
Coaches: Perambur(TN), Kapurthala (Punjab), also at Bangalore and Kolkata.
11
Ship Building
Hindustan Shipyard at Vishakhapatnam, Cochin Shipyard, Mumbai (Mazgaon Dock) and Kolkata (Garden Reach Workshop). For Indian Navy, only at Mazgaon
12
Cycles
In Mumbai, Asansol, Sonepat, Delhi, Chennai, Jalandhar and Ludhiana
13
Tractors
At Faridabad, Pinjore, Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai
14
Fertilizers
The location of fertilizer industry is closely related to petro-chemicals. About 70% of the plants producing nitrogenous fertilizers use naphtha as raw material Naphtha is a by-product of oil refiners. Phosphate plants are dependent on mineral phosphate found in UP and MP. Now natural gas based fertilizer plants are also being set up. The Fertilizer Corporation of India (FCL) was setup up in 1961. National Fertilizer Limited (NFL) was set up in 1974. In Sindri (Bihar), Nangal, Trombay, Gorakhpur, Durgapur, Namrup, Cochin, Rourkela, Neyveli, Varanasi, Vadodara, Vishakhapattnam, Kota and Kanpur
15
Pharmaceuticals and Drugs
Antibiotics are prepared at Pimpri and Rishikesh. The Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited has 5 plants at Hyderabad, Rishikesh, Chennai, Gurgaon and Muzaffarpur. A number of other units are concentrated in Mumbai, Baroda, Delhi, Kolkata and Kanpur.
16
Pesticides
Delhi and Alwaye
17
Sugar Industry
UP, Maharashtra, AP, TN, Karnataka and Bihar
18
Aircraft
Hindustan Aeronautics India Ltd. Was formed by merging two aircraft factories at Bangalore and Kanpur. Four other factories are at Nasik, Hyderabad, Koraput (Orissa), Lucknow
19
Rubber Industry
Bareilly (UP), Baroda (Gujarat) - Synthetic Rubber Units, Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Amritsar - Reclaimed Rubber Units
Labels: GK
IMPORTANT CROPS INDIA
Rice
West Bengal, Punjab, UP
Wheat
UP, Punjab, Haryana
Maize
Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka
Bajra
Rajasthan, Gujarat, UP
Jowar
Maharashtra, Karnataka, MP, AP
Total Coarse cereals
Maharashtra, Karnataka, UP
Total Pulses
MP, UP, Maharashtra
Total foodgrains
UP, Punjab, West Bengal
Groundnut
Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh
Rapeseed & Mustard
Rajasthan, UP, Haryana
Soyabean
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan
Sunflower
Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra
Total oil seeds
MP, Maharashtra, Rajasthan
Sugarcane
UP, Maharashtra, Karnataka
Cotton
Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh
Jute and Mesta
WB, Bihar, Assam
Tea
Assam, West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh
Coffee
Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu
Rubber
Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka
Silk
Karnataka, Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh.
In India all 4 varieties of silk are available; Mulberry, tussar, eri and muga. Mulberry is the main variety, while tussar is mainly found in Bihar.
Tobacco
Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka
Labels: GK
HILL STATIONS INDIA
Hill Stations
State Name
Almora (Kumaon hills)
Uttar Pradesh
Cherrapunji (Shillong)
Meghalaya
Coonoor (Nilgiri hills)
Tamil Nadu
Dalhousie
Himachal Pradesh
Darjeeling
West Bengal
Gulmarg
Kashmir (Highest)
Kasauli (Shimla)
Himachal Pradesh
Kodaikanal
Tamil Nadu
Mahabaleshwar
Maharashtra
Mt. Abu
Rajasthan
Mussoorie
Uttaranchal
Nainital
Uttaranchal
Ootacamund
Tamil Nadu
Pachmarhi
Madhya Pradesh
Ranchi
Jharkhand
Shillong (Khasi hills)
Meghalaya
Shimla
Himachal Pradesh
Srinagar
Jammu & Kashmir
Labels: GK
MAJOR PORTS IN INDIA
Western Coast
Eastern Coast
Kandla (Child of partition)
Kolkata – Haldia (riverine port)
Mumbai (busiest and biggest)
Paradip (exports raw iron into Japan)
Jawahar Lal Nehru (fastest growing)
Vishakhapatnam (deepest port)
Marmugao (naval base also)
Chennai (oldest and artificial)
Mangalore (exports Kudremukh iron-ore)
Ennore (most modern in private hands)
Cochin (natural Harbour)
Tuticorin (southernmost)
Friday, January 15, 2010
Monday, January 11, 2010
IMPORTANT EVENTS IN INDIAN HISTORY
B.C.
3000-1500 : Indus valley civilization
327-326 : Alexanders invasion of india
313 : Accession of chandragupta maurya
332-273 : Reign of ashoka
58 : Epoch of vikram era
A.D.
78 :Epoch of saka era
120 :Accession of kanishka
320 :Commencement of gupta era
380 :Accession of vikramadithya
405-411 :Travels of fahien
606 :Accession of Harshavardhana
712 :First Arab invasion of sind
1001 :First invasion of india by Mahamud of Ghajni
1191 :First battle of Tarain
1192 :Second battle of Tarain
1206 :Accession of Qutub-ud-Din
1221 :Invasion of Changez Khan
1236 :Accession of Razia sultana
1296 :Accession of Alauddin khilzi
1325 :Accession of Mohd bin tuqhlaq
1334 :Arrival of Ibn-Batutah
1336 :Foundation of Vijayanagara Empire
1398 :Invasion of Timur Lang
1469 :Birth of Guru Nanak
1498 :First voyage of vascodigama,Discovery of sea route 2 India
1509 :Accession of Krishnadevaraya
1526 :First battle of panipat;
Foundation of Mughal rule
1556 :Second battle of panipat
1565 :Battle of Tallikota;Ruin of Vijaynagar
1576 :Battle of Haldighat;Rana pratap defeated by Akbar
1600 :Establishment of East india company
1605 :Death of Akbar
1627 :Birth of Shivaji
1634 :The English were permitted 2 trade in Bengal
1681 :Death of Shivaji
1739 :Invasion of Nadir shah
1757 :Battle of Plassey;Establishment of British rule in India
1760 :Battle of Vandiwash
1761 :Third Battle of Panipat
1764 :Battle of Buxar
1770 :Great Bengal Famine
1773 :The Regulating Act
1784 :Pitts India Act
1793 :Permanent settlement of Bengal
1853 :First Railway opened in India from Mumbai 2 Thana
1857 :First Battle of Independence or Indian Mutiny
1885 :Foundation of Indian National Congress
1905 :First Partition of Bengal under Lord Curzon
1906 :Foundation of Muslim League
1909 :Minto-Morley Reforms
1911 :Delhi bcomes the Capital of India
1914-18 : First World War
1919 :Montague-Chelmsford Reforms,Jallianwala Bagh Massacre at Amritsar;Rowlat Act....
1920 :Khilafat Movement
1921 :Chauri Chaura outrage in U.P.
1927 :Broadcasting starts in India
1929 :Resolution of complete independence pased at Lahore Congress
1930 :Dandi March by Gandhi
1931 :Gandhi-Irwin Act
1935 :Govt. of India Act
1937 :Provincial Autonomy; Formation of popular Governements
1939-45 :Second World War
1942 :Quit India Movement
1943 :Formation of Indian National Army
1945 :Shimla Conference; Formation of U.N.O.
1947 :India Independence;India Divided
3000-1500 : Indus valley civilization
327-326 : Alexanders invasion of india
313 : Accession of chandragupta maurya
332-273 : Reign of ashoka
58 : Epoch of vikram era
A.D.
78 :Epoch of saka era
120 :Accession of kanishka
320 :Commencement of gupta era
380 :Accession of vikramadithya
405-411 :Travels of fahien
606 :Accession of Harshavardhana
712 :First Arab invasion of sind
1001 :First invasion of india by Mahamud of Ghajni
1191 :First battle of Tarain
1192 :Second battle of Tarain
1206 :Accession of Qutub-ud-Din
1221 :Invasion of Changez Khan
1236 :Accession of Razia sultana
1296 :Accession of Alauddin khilzi
1325 :Accession of Mohd bin tuqhlaq
1334 :Arrival of Ibn-Batutah
1336 :Foundation of Vijayanagara Empire
1398 :Invasion of Timur Lang
1469 :Birth of Guru Nanak
1498 :First voyage of vascodigama,Discovery of sea route 2 India
1509 :Accession of Krishnadevaraya
1526 :First battle of panipat;
Foundation of Mughal rule
1556 :Second battle of panipat
1565 :Battle of Tallikota;Ruin of Vijaynagar
1576 :Battle of Haldighat;Rana pratap defeated by Akbar
1600 :Establishment of East india company
1605 :Death of Akbar
1627 :Birth of Shivaji
1634 :The English were permitted 2 trade in Bengal
1681 :Death of Shivaji
1739 :Invasion of Nadir shah
1757 :Battle of Plassey;Establishment of British rule in India
1760 :Battle of Vandiwash
1761 :Third Battle of Panipat
1764 :Battle of Buxar
1770 :Great Bengal Famine
1773 :The Regulating Act
1784 :Pitts India Act
1793 :Permanent settlement of Bengal
1853 :First Railway opened in India from Mumbai 2 Thana
1857 :First Battle of Independence or Indian Mutiny
1885 :Foundation of Indian National Congress
1905 :First Partition of Bengal under Lord Curzon
1906 :Foundation of Muslim League
1909 :Minto-Morley Reforms
1911 :Delhi bcomes the Capital of India
1914-18 : First World War
1919 :Montague-Chelmsford Reforms,Jallianwala Bagh Massacre at Amritsar;Rowlat Act....
1920 :Khilafat Movement
1921 :Chauri Chaura outrage in U.P.
1927 :Broadcasting starts in India
1929 :Resolution of complete independence pased at Lahore Congress
1930 :Dandi March by Gandhi
1931 :Gandhi-Irwin Act
1935 :Govt. of India Act
1937 :Provincial Autonomy; Formation of popular Governements
1939-45 :Second World War
1942 :Quit India Movement
1943 :Formation of Indian National Army
1945 :Shimla Conference; Formation of U.N.O.
1947 :India Independence;India Divided
Sunday, January 10, 2010
USEFUL SITES 4 FRESHERS PREP CAMPUS PLACEMENT
Useful sites for freshers prep campus placement..
hey guys here is the list of the site which can help the freshers in their preparation for the campus placement...
1.techinterview.org
2.geekinterview.com
3.campusunplugged.googlepages.com
hey guys here is the list of the site which can help the freshers in their preparation for the campus placement...
1.techinterview.org
2.geekinterview.com
3.campusunplugged.googlepages.com
RECENT ADVANCES IN MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY
recent advances in minimally invasive surgery
hi to all
friends the era of open surgery is superseded by minimaly invasive surgery which aims to accomplish surgical therapeutic goals with minimal somatic & psychological trauma.it includes--- 1.Laparoscopy
2.Microlaproscopy
3.Hand assisted laparoscopic surgery (Hals
4.Single Port Access (SPA) surgery
5.Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)
6.Endoluminal surgery --for urinary tract, upper or lower GIT &
respiratory &vascular systems
7.Thorascopy & VATS
8.Retroperitoneoscopy
9.Robotic surgery
so every general surgeon should b well versed with advances made in MIS .
hi to all
friends the era of open surgery is superseded by minimaly invasive surgery which aims to accomplish surgical therapeutic goals with minimal somatic & psychological trauma.it includes--- 1.Laparoscopy
2.Microlaproscopy
3.Hand assisted laparoscopic surgery (Hals
4.Single Port Access (SPA) surgery
5.Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)
6.Endoluminal surgery --for urinary tract, upper or lower GIT &
respiratory &vascular systems
7.Thorascopy & VATS
8.Retroperitoneoscopy
9.Robotic surgery
so every general surgeon should b well versed with advances made in MIS .
JOB PLACEMENTS 4 PHARMA...
job Placements for Pharma only
R5 Placements, is an international service provider servicing world class companies across the nation. R5 has carved itself a niche in Pharmaceutical,IT & Power sectors.
R5 was started with an aim to grow into a one stop shop for all requirements for clients nationwide. It has helped generate career opportunities for more than 70000 individuals across country and Middle East and has worked for many Fortune 500 organizations.
We offer the broadest HR service portfolio from Executive Search, Staffing, Consulting and Outsourcing to Automation and Training. The organization has strong national presence across states. A network of 6 offices across the country gives R5 an enormous reach and wide coverage.
R5 presents unlimited opportunities for candidates in the emerging sectors in India and Middle-east.
R5’s team consists of people from a variety of backgrounds who have held key recruitment roles in major companies. Our success is based on the depth and breadth of experience our team has, in every industry and our knowledge and understanding of the local markets.
We cater to diverse industries viz., IT, Banking & Finance, Pharmaceuticals, Biotech, Oil & Gas, Chemicals, Consumer goods and Steel.
We offer Executive Search, Contractual & Temporary Staffing and Corporate Training services.
R5 Placement Services can provide complete assistance from providing the infrastructure to recruiting IT professionals.
Contact Info
Email:
Website:
http://www.r5placements.com/index.html
Office:
5, Jamuna Appartment Behind Dalal Towers
Location:
Mumbai, India
R5 Placements, is an international service provider servicing world class companies across the nation. R5 has carved itself a niche in Pharmaceutical,IT & Power sectors.
R5 was started with an aim to grow into a one stop shop for all requirements for clients nationwide. It has helped generate career opportunities for more than 70000 individuals across country and Middle East and has worked for many Fortune 500 organizations.
We offer the broadest HR service portfolio from Executive Search, Staffing, Consulting and Outsourcing to Automation and Training. The organization has strong national presence across states. A network of 6 offices across the country gives R5 an enormous reach and wide coverage.
R5 presents unlimited opportunities for candidates in the emerging sectors in India and Middle-east.
R5’s team consists of people from a variety of backgrounds who have held key recruitment roles in major companies. Our success is based on the depth and breadth of experience our team has, in every industry and our knowledge and understanding of the local markets.
We cater to diverse industries viz., IT, Banking & Finance, Pharmaceuticals, Biotech, Oil & Gas, Chemicals, Consumer goods and Steel.
We offer Executive Search, Contractual & Temporary Staffing and Corporate Training services.
R5 Placement Services can provide complete assistance from providing the infrastructure to recruiting IT professionals.
Contact Info
Email:
Website:
http://www.r5placements.com/index.html
Office:
5, Jamuna Appartment Behind Dalal Towers
Location:
Mumbai, India
HEALTHY /BEAUTY TIPS
Benefit of sex
The BENEFITS of SEX
Reading this is entertaining !!!
d id you know that we can determine if a person is sexually active or not by looking at her skin ?
1. Sex is a beauty treatment. Scientific tests have shown that a woman who has sexual relations produces big amounts of estrogen which makes hair shiny and soft.
2. To make love in soft and relaxed way reduces the possibilities of suffering from dermatitis and acne. The sweat produced cleans pores and makes the skin shine.
3. To make love allows to burn all the calories accumulate is this romantic love scene.
4. Sex is one of the safest sports. It strengthens and tonifies all body muscles. It is more enjoyabel than doing 20 lapses in the pool. And you don't need special shoes !
5. Sex is an instantaneous cure against depression. It frees endorphines in the blood flow, creating a state of euphoria and leaves us with a feeling of well-being.
6. The more we make love, the more we have the capacity to do more. A body sexually active releases a higher amount of pheromone. This subtle aroma excites the opposite sex !
7. Sex is the safest tranquiliser in the world. IT IS 10 TIMES MORE EFFICIENT THAN VALIUM.
8. To kiss everyday allows to avoid the dentist. Kisses aid saliva in cleaning teeths and lower the quantity of acids causing enamel weakening.
9. Sex relieves headaches. Each time we make love, it releases the tension in brain veins.
10. To make love a lot can heal a nasal congestion. Sex is a natural antihistaminic. It helps fight asthma and spring allergies.
The BENEFITS of SEX
Reading this is entertaining !!!
d id you know that we can determine if a person is sexually active or not by looking at her skin ?
1. Sex is a beauty treatment. Scientific tests have shown that a woman who has sexual relations produces big amounts of estrogen which makes hair shiny and soft.
2. To make love in soft and relaxed way reduces the possibilities of suffering from dermatitis and acne. The sweat produced cleans pores and makes the skin shine.
3. To make love allows to burn all the calories accumulate is this romantic love scene.
4. Sex is one of the safest sports. It strengthens and tonifies all body muscles. It is more enjoyabel than doing 20 lapses in the pool. And you don't need special shoes !
5. Sex is an instantaneous cure against depression. It frees endorphines in the blood flow, creating a state of euphoria and leaves us with a feeling of well-being.
6. The more we make love, the more we have the capacity to do more. A body sexually active releases a higher amount of pheromone. This subtle aroma excites the opposite sex !
7. Sex is the safest tranquiliser in the world. IT IS 10 TIMES MORE EFFICIENT THAN VALIUM.
8. To kiss everyday allows to avoid the dentist. Kisses aid saliva in cleaning teeths and lower the quantity of acids causing enamel weakening.
9. Sex relieves headaches. Each time we make love, it releases the tension in brain veins.
10. To make love a lot can heal a nasal congestion. Sex is a natural antihistaminic. It helps fight asthma and spring allergies.
AGE LIMIT &NO. OF ATTEMPTS IN CIVILS..
Age Limit and Number of Attempts:
For Open- 30 yrs., 4 attempts.
For B.C. / O.B.C.- 33 yrs., 6 attempts.
For N.T. / V.J., etc. - 35 yrs., 7 attempts.
For Open- 30 yrs., 4 attempts.
For B.C. / O.B.C.- 33 yrs., 6 attempts.
For N.T. / V.J., etc. - 35 yrs., 7 attempts.
HELP D POOR 2 STUDY.. JUS REFER DEM...
Help the poor to study... Just refer them...
No need to contribute.. no need to spend time...
Just pass it on to your contacts... Hope many can be helped with this...
Dear Friends,
If you know any high school student who is a very high scorer but from a poor family, here is a great opportunity to help him/her get a nice scholarship to enter college.
Applications can be obtained by writing to:
Mr.S.Ramanathan,
#17, North St, Kalai Nagar
Madurai - 625014
Ph: 0452-2640678
E-Mail: ramrajam2002@yahoo.com
Weblink: http://www.northsouth.org/contacts_india.asp
Scholarships are given by "NORTH SOUTH FOUNDATION" of USA, based on exam grades and family situation. The annual family income should be less than Rs 38000 in urban areas and Rs 26000 in rural areas. The scholarship amount mostly covers 100% of tuition fees and ranges from Rs 5000 to Rs 10000 per year.
If called for an interview, 50% of the travel cost will be reimbursed.
Please forward so someone can benefit............
Somewhere someone might be waiting for this ...
No need to contribute.. no need to spend time...
Just pass it on to your contacts... Hope many can be helped with this...
Dear Friends,
If you know any high school student who is a very high scorer but from a poor family, here is a great opportunity to help him/her get a nice scholarship to enter college.
Applications can be obtained by writing to:
Mr.S.Ramanathan,
#17, North St, Kalai Nagar
Madurai - 625014
Ph: 0452-2640678
E-Mail: ramrajam2002@yahoo.com
Weblink: http://www.northsouth.org/contacts_india.asp
Scholarships are given by "NORTH SOUTH FOUNDATION" of USA, based on exam grades and family situation. The annual family income should be less than Rs 38000 in urban areas and Rs 26000 in rural areas. The scholarship amount mostly covers 100% of tuition fees and ranges from Rs 5000 to Rs 10000 per year.
If called for an interview, 50% of the travel cost will be reimbursed.
Please forward so someone can benefit............
Somewhere someone might be waiting for this ...
INS ARIHANT
“India became 6th country to launch Nucleared Powered Submarine: INS ARIHANT”
India became 6th country to launch Nuclear power submarine today at Eastern Naval command headquarters in Vishakhapatnam.
The name of submarine is INS-ARIHANT.
ARIHANT is Hindi word which means “Destroyer of the Enemy”.
This is first indigenously designed and built nucleared powered submarine in India.
INS-ARIHANT will be operational by 2011.
Earlier this type of submarine is launched by China, Britain, Russia, USA and France.
Few Features of Submarine are:-
* Built under Advance Technology Vessel project with total cost of 2.9 Billion $.
* 5000 tones in weight, 100 mts length submarine.
* 12 K15 ballistic missiles named SAGARIKA with range of 750 kms.
* 80 MW Nuclear reactors which is Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR).
* Can attend 22 Knots speed.
* Can target on sky, space and deep into the water.
* Can stay underwater for month.
* Can fire under icecap.
This project was jointly developed by Indian Navy and DRDO.
India became 6th country to launch Nuclear power submarine today at Eastern Naval command headquarters in Vishakhapatnam.
The name of submarine is INS-ARIHANT.
ARIHANT is Hindi word which means “Destroyer of the Enemy”.
This is first indigenously designed and built nucleared powered submarine in India.
INS-ARIHANT will be operational by 2011.
Earlier this type of submarine is launched by China, Britain, Russia, USA and France.
Few Features of Submarine are:-
* Built under Advance Technology Vessel project with total cost of 2.9 Billion $.
* 5000 tones in weight, 100 mts length submarine.
* 12 K15 ballistic missiles named SAGARIKA with range of 750 kms.
* 80 MW Nuclear reactors which is Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR).
* Can attend 22 Knots speed.
* Can target on sky, space and deep into the water.
* Can stay underwater for month.
* Can fire under icecap.
This project was jointly developed by Indian Navy and DRDO.
IAS POLTICAL SCIENCEPRELIM 2010 - COMPOSITE MOCK TEST
TEST CODE: IPMTP/POL/TSCT Test Booklet Series
IAS POLITICAL SCIENCE PRELIM 2010 – COMPOSITE MOCK TEST
Time Allowed: Two Hours Maximum Marks: 300
INSTRUCTION
1. IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE EXAMINATION, YOU SHOULD
CHECK THAT THIS BOOKLET DOES NOT HAVE ANY UNPRINTED OR TURN OR
MISSING PAGES OR ITEMS ,ETC. IF SO, GET IT REPLACED BY A COMPLETE TEST
BOOKLET.
2. ENCODE CLEARLY THE TEST BOOKLET SERIES A, B, C OR D AS THE CASE MAY BE IN
THE APPROPRIATE PLACE IN THE ANSWER SHEET.
3. You have to enter your Role Number on the Test Booklet in
the Box provided alongside. Do NOT write anything else on
the Test Booklet.
4. This Test Booklet contains 120 items (Questions). Each item is printed in English. Each item
comprises four responses (answers). You will select the response which you want to mark on
the Answer Sheet. In case you feel that there is more than one correct response with you
consider the best. In any case, choose ONLY ONE response for each item.
5. You have to mark all your responses ONLY on the separate Answer Sheet provided. See
direction in the answers sheet.
6. All items carry equal marks. Attempt all items. Your total marks will depend only on the
number of correct responses marked by you in the answer sheet. For every incorrect
response 1/3rd Mark will deduct.
7. Before you proceed to mark in the Answer sheet the response to various items in the Test
booklet, you have to fill in some particulars in the answer sheets as per instruction sent to you
with your Admission Certificate.
8. After you have completed filling in all responses on the answer sheet and the examination has
concluded, you should hand over to Invigilator only the answer sheet. You are permitted to
take away with you the Test Booklet.
9. Sheet for rough work are appended in the Test Booklet at the end.
D
DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO
©VISION IAS
Vision IAS
www.visioniasonline.com
www.visionias.wordpress.com
2
1. Read the following three statements:
‘A’ : Gradualness as the midwife of social change
‘B’ : War alone brings up to their highest tension all human energies and puts the stamp of
nobility upon the peoples who have the courage to meet it.
‘C’: It is not the consciousness of men that determines their existence, but, on the contrary, their
social existence determines their consciousness.
Which political ideology is reflected in the respective statements?
(a) Marxism in ‘A’ , Liberalism in ‘B’ and Democratic socialism in ‘C’.
(b) Democratic Socialism in ‘A’ , Fascism in ‘B’ and Marxism in ‘C’.
(c) Democratic socialism in ‘A’ , Fascism in ‘B’ and Idealism in ‘C’.
(d) Marxism in ‘A’, Fascism in ‘B’ and Democratic Socialism in ‘C’.
2. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using codes given below the Lists:
List I List II
A. Doctrine of occupied field 1. Identifies the list to which an impugned
law may be ascribed.
B. Doctrine of Pith and Substance 2. To interpret the wide terms giving them
restricted meaning
C. Doctrine of Reading Down 3. What cannot be done directly cannot be
done indirectly
D. Doctrine of Colourable legislation 4. Concurrent list
5. Since India is a multicultural society, all
colours of political life has equal rights to
survive.
Code:
A B C D
(a) 4 1 2 5
(b) 4 3 2 1
(c) 4 1 2 3
(d) 2 1 4 3
3. Consider the following statements:
1. Article 11 confers on the Parliament power to enact a law regarding citizenship. An act made
in pursuance of that power will change the law relating to citizenship and will alter the text of
articles 5 to 10. It can be done by a simple majority of the parliament.
2. Creation of Council of Ministers for Union Territories is a provision that can be changed
easily by ordinary law.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(b) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
4. Who among the following thinkers have given a wide explanation of cosmopolitan
citizenship?
(a) David Held (b) Anthony Giddens
(c) T.H. Marshall (d) Derek Heater
3
5. There are many types of Political culture in the world . S.E. Finer has noticed the role of
army in any country and suggested three variables (types) of political culture. The three
variables are:
1. Matured political culture 2. Developed political culture
3. Under developed political culture 4. Low political culture
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 4
6. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using codes given below the Lists:
List I (Constitutional Amendment) List II (Effects)
A. 37th 1. Tripura in the sixth schedule
B. 49th 2. Legislature to some UTs
C. 58th 3. Publication of the constitution in Hindi
D. 77th 4. National capital status to Delhi
5. Reservation in promotions to SCs and
STs
Code:
A B C D
(a) 2 1 3 5
(b) 3 4 2 1
(c) 2 4 3 1
(d) 3 1 2 5
7. In reality the UK parliament enjoys neither legal nor political sovereignty. Its legal
sovereignty has been compromised by membership of the European Union. As an EU
member, the UK is obliged to conform to European Law and is thus subject to the
jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. The case in which , for the
first time , the European Court of justice declared UK legislation to be unlawful was:
(a) Factortame case of 1991 related with Continental Shelf and Territorial Waters Act.
(b) Factortame case of 1991 related with Merchant Shipping Act 1988
(c) Trading case of 1990 related with Fishing Act 1987
(d) Trading case of 1990 related with Mining Act 1986
8. The United States of America originally comprised 13 states, to which 7 were added
subsequently. Thirsty other states , which were formerly territories , were also admitted
into union as full States , thus making up 50 states in all, apart from the district of
Columbia. The only state with unicameral legislature is :
(a) Alaska (b) Virginia
(c) Nebraska (d) Wyoming
9. Consider the following statements:
1. Kenneth Waltz, who coined the term ‘neorealism’, is considered to be the father of
neorealism.
2. The significance of Waltz’s theory lies not so much in his attempt at systematizing various
traditions of political realism into a rigorous and deductive theory of international politics but
in as initiation of a new line of theoretical inquiry.
Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
4
10. Globalization, to varying degrees, is evident in all the principle sectors of social activities.
In the economic sphere, patterns of worldwide trade, finance and production are creating
global markets and , in the process , a single global capitalist economy. Who among the
following scholars calls this economy “global informational capitalism”?
(a) M. Castells (b) Marshall Mc Luhan
(c) R. Robertson (d) John Burton
11. Over the last three decades the sheer scale and scope of global interconnectedness has
become increasingly evident in every sphere from the economic to the cultural. Attempts
to define Globalization has been made. Match the List I with List II and choose the correct
answer:
List I ( Definitions of Globalization ) List II ( Thinkers/Scholars)
A. The intensification of worldwide social relations 1. J.A. Schole
which link distant localities in such a way that
local happenings are shaped by events
occurring many miles away and vice versa.
B. The integration of the world economy 2. R. Gilpin
C. De - territorilization or the growth of supraterritorial 3. Harvey
relations between people
D. Time-space compression 4. Giddens
5. Marshall Mc Luhan
Code:
A B C D
(a) 4 2 1 5
(b) 4 2 5 3
(c) 4 2 1 3
(d) 1 2 4 3
12. The central feature of ecologism is that regards nature as an interconnected whole
embracing humans and non-humans as well as the inanimate world. Feminism is
characterized primarily by its political stance: the attempt to advance the social role of
women . Who of the following names are Eco-feminists?
1. Betty Friedan 2. Maria Mies
3. Vandana Shiva 4. Carole Pateman
Codes:
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 4
13. Eva Balfour is mainly associated with
(a) NGOs
(b) Sustainable development
(c) Modern theories of citizenship
(d) British workers federation and Labour party
14. Consider the following statements about the Union and the State in India:
1. Any State law would be void if it has extra-territorial operation unless sufficient nexus can be
shown to exist between the object and the States.
2. Laws made by Parliament cannot be questioned on grounds on extra-territorial operation.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
5
15. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using codes given below the Lists:
List I (Perspectives on Nature) List II (Theories)
A. Nature as a resource to satisfy human needs 1. Feminists
and thus human dominion over nature should
not be questioned.
B. Nature as threatening even cruel, characterized 2. Liberals
by an amoral struggle and harshnesses that
also shapes human existence.
C. Nature offers a model of simplicity and balance, 3. Conservatives
which human would be wise to apply to social
organization in the form of social ecology
D. Nature as creative and benign …… thought to 4. Socialists
be close to nature and in tune with natural forces.
5. Anarchists
Code:
A B C D
(a) 2 3 5 1
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 5 3 2 1
(d) 5 1 4 3
16. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using codes given below the Lists:
List I (Thinkers) List II (Theories)
A. Emile Berd 1. Neorealism
B. Bernard Cohen 2. Decision-making approach
C. Richard Cox 3. Game Theory
D. Thomas Schelling 4. Bargaining Theory
5. Neoidealism
Code:
A B C D
(a) 3 2 1 4
(b) 4 2 1 3
(c) 3 2 5 4
(d) 2 3 1 4
17. Consider the following statements:
1. In the USA and in Australia the constitution contains only the powers of the Federal
Legislature. The remaining powers vest in the states.
2. The Government of India Act, 1935 classified all possible topics of legislation in two lists -
the Federal list and the Provincial list.
3. In Indian Constitution, provisions regarding Trade, Commerce and Intercourse were
modelled on the Australian Constitution.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3 (d) only 1
6
18. Consider the following statements about Indian Constitution:
1. The seventh schedule to the Constitution embodies three lists, viz. the Union List, the State
List and the Concurrent List. Even after the changes in the schedule brought about by
constitution Amendment Acts, the numbers of entries in the three lists have remained the
same.
2. The most for reaching changes in lists were made by the seventh and the forty-second
amendments.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
19. Consider the following statements about Constitutions of India and USA :
1. Doctrine of Police Power is evolved by the judiciary in USA and this doctrine, in its accepted
form, is applicable to India also.
2. Doctrine of Police Power emerges from the basic concept that all property belongs to the
State. It has the inherent sovereign right to take and appropriate private property within its
jurisdiction for public use. For the welfare of the people in general, private property may be
acquired by the State.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
20. Consider the following statements about Government of India Act, 1935 :’
1. This Act finally sought to break up the unitary system under which British India has hitherto
been administered.
2. Under this act the Provinces were for the first time recognized in law as separate entities,
exercising executive and legislative powers in their own field, in their own right, free in normal
circumstances from central control, in that field.
3. This Act used the terminology ‘Federation of India’.
4. The Act separated Burma from India and two new provinces of Punjab and Sind were
created.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1, 2, and 3 (b) 1, 2 and 4
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
21. Who among the following extends the jurisdiction of a High court to, or exclude from, any
Union Territory?
(a) Parliament by Law
(b) The President of India
(c) The Chief Justice of India
(d) Legislature of the state, with two-third majority, in which the High Court is situated.
22. Consider the following statements about Art. 14 the Constitution of India:
1. ‘Equality before the law’ is termed as a positive concept and ‘equal protection of laws’ is
regarded as a negative concept.
2. ‘Like should be treated alike’ is closely related with the phrase ‘equality before the law.’
3. What Art 14 prohibits is class legislation and not classification for the purpose of legislation.
4. Natural justice is an ingredient of Art. 14.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 3 and 4
7
23. Law (s) Subject to the mandate of Art. 14 is/are :
(a) Substantive law only (b) Procedure law only
(c) Both Substantive and Procedure law (d) Neither Substantive nor Procedure law
24. In Indian context doctrine of territorial nexus is related with:
(a) States (b) Union
(c) Both State and Union (d) Neither State nor Union
25. Consider the following statements:
1. If for a period of sixty days a member of either House of Parliament is without permission of
the House absent from all meetings thereof, the House may declare his seat vacant -
provided that in computing the said period of sixty days no account shall be taken of any
period during which the House is prorogued or is adjourned for more than five consecutive
days.
2. Attorney General for India does not have fixed term of five years.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
26. A person not already in the service of the Union or of the State shall only be eligible to be
appointed a district judge if he has been for not less than :
(a) Seven years an advocate or a pleader (b) Six years an advocate or a pleader
(c) Five years an advocate or a pleader (d) Ten years an advocate or a pleader
27. According to Art. 51, The state shall endeavour to encourage settlement of international
disputes by:
(a) PERSUATION (b) NEGOTIATION
(c) PEACEFUL COMPROMISE (d) ARBITRATION
28. Which among the following is / are not correctly matched?
1. Chattisgarh high Court – Bilaspur
2. Kerala High Court - Thiruanant puram
3. Rajasthan High Court - Jaipure
4. Himanchal High Court - Shimla
Codes:
(a) 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
29. Consider the following statements about Parliamentary privileges:
1. Parliamentary privileges are not the privileges of parliament.
2. Art 105 (3) was, however amended, in 1976, to provide that in respect of privileges other
than those specified in the Constitution, the powers, privileges and immunities of each House
of Parliament, its Members and Committees shall be those of that House, its Members and
committees immediately before the coming into force of the Constitution ( Forty Second
Amendment ) Act, 1976.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
8
30. NGO campaigning for Human Rights is/are:
1. PUCL 2. Amnesty International
3. World Watch 4. Oxfam
Codes :
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 1 and 2
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Directions: The next sixteen items (31 to 46) consist of two statements: One labelled as the
‘Assertion (A)’ and the other as ‘Reason (R)’. You are the examine these two statements
carefully and select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
31. Assertion (A) : The Constitution of India has provided that parliament may by law establish a
Common High Court for two or more states (Art 231).
Reason (R) : All the states do not have equal population. The number of proceedings that may
originate in many small states in a year may be less tan those filed in a day in the
Allahabad High Court.
32. Assertion (A) : It can be said about State that it is not an anthropological necessity.
Reason (R) : Society provides organizations to individuals and groups.
33. Assertion (A) : Thomas Hobbes was inclined towards absolutism.
Reason (R) : Thomas Hobbes was an Englishmen who lived in the days of the Civil War.
34. Assertion (A) : The demand for a New International Economic Order ( NIEO ) called for a
restructuring of the world economy to bridge the gap between rich and poor
countries of the world.
Reason (R) : Because of the complex structure of the International system, the conventional
International Economic Order was no. more relevant.
35. Assertion (A) : The Constitution of India does not make any specific provision in regard to
Parliamentary Committees, but these are mentioned in several articles.
Reason (R) : The committees of parliament are not helpful for Indian political system.
36. Assertion (A) : The Public Accounts Committee, Popularity known as PAC, is the oldest
Financial Committee.
Reason (R) : The Committee war first set up in 1911, under the Morley - Minto reform
proposals.
37. Assertion (A) : The Estimates Committee is representative in nature.
Reason (R) : This Committee consists of members who are elected from both the Houses of
Parliament.
9
38. Assertion (A) : Machiavelli is the first modern political Scientist.
Reason (R) : Machiavelli wanted the creation and consolidation of a national monarchy in Italy.
39. Assertion (A) : Discussing about forms of Government is can be said that the Unitary State is
stronger than a Federal one because all power of Government are concentrated
in the hands of one single set of authorities.
Reason (R) : Absence of conflict of authority and responsibility is a feature of Unitary state.
40. Assertion (A) : Social contract theory is an important theory about the state.
Reason (R) : The purpose of this theory is to trace the origin and development of state.
41. Assertion (A) : For Aristotle state is like a moral organism.
Reason (R) : Aristotle emphasizes on his dictum that the state is prior to man.
42. Assertion (A) : On the grounds of Philosophy and rationality John Locke is best of all the
Philosophers associated with social contract theory.
Reason (R) : John Locke regards the contract as an actual historical fact.
43. Assertion (A) : In USA many people see ‘welfare state’ as a curse.
Reason (R) : People in USA are individualistic and by ‘welfare state’ they usually mean a
Socialist Sate, if not a Communist state.
44. Assertion (A) : Hobbes was the first great philosopher of discipline.
Reason (R) : Hobbes makes us see the fundamental necessity of a strong government.
45. Assertion (A) : According to Herbert Spencer an organism grows and is not made.
Reason (R) : Free education and health services should not be promoted as they hinder the
Self - development of the state (Herbert Spencer).
46. Assertion (A) : Fichte, who belonged to the group of German idealists, was the first to bring out
clearly the interdependence of the individual and society.
Reason (R) : The Eighteenth century political thought began with a reaction to the view that the
state is an artificial creation of man.
47. According to German Philosopher Immanuel Kant, Natural Rights are
(a) Moral rights (b) Inherent needs of human nature
(c) Rights which can be justified (d) Physical and mental powers of a man
48. The ascending order of literacy in following four states are:
(a) Andhra Pradesh, Meghalaya, Orissa and Assam
(b) Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Meghalaya and Assam
(c) Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Meghalaya and Assam
(d) Orissa, Meghalaya, Assam and Andhra Pradesh
49. Consider the following statements:
1. In overall literary rate Tamilnadu is better than Tripura, but female literacy rate in Tripura is
better than that of Tamilnadu.
2. Population of Scheduled Tribes in Bihar is less than that in Arunachal Pradesh.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
10
50. Who among the following is not related with Hindustan Mazdoor Sabha?
(a) Patel (b) Rajendra Prasad
(c) Jai Prakash Narain (d) J.B. Kriplani
51. Consider the following statements:
1. Ideological differences between J.L. Nehru and M.K. Gandhi can be seen in the book
‘Glimpses of World History’.
2. J.L Nehru has shown his inclination towards socialism in his articles and letters, written for
Indian Gandhi, published as ‘Whither India’.
3. J.L. Nehru wrote his famous book ‘The Discovery of India’ during his imprisonment in
Lucknow jail.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) None (b) only 1
(c) only 2 (d) only 3
52. The USA President associated with ‘War on Poverty’, an ambitious programme of
education, job training and urban renewal projects in:
(a) Abraham Lincoln (b) Lyndon Johnson
(c) Dwight D. Eisenhower (d) Jimmy Carter
53. The term ‘high politics’ is related with:
(a) Morality in politics with higher values and norms
(b) Security of the State
(c) Political Philosophy and public life
(d) The fact that MNCs and NGOs influence the relations between two states.
54. Consider the following statements:
1. Duration of the House of the people may, while a proclamation of Emergency is in operation,
be extended by Parliament by law for a period not exceeding one your at a time and not
extending in any case beyond a period of six months after the Proclamation has ceased to
operate.
2. According to Art. 108, at a joint sitting of the two House the Speaker of the House of the
People shall preside.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
55. Consider the following statements:
1. UN-HABITAT was established in 1978 and has its headquarters at the UN office in Nairobi,
Kenya.
2. ILO (International Labour Organisation) is the only surviving major creation of the treaty of
Versailles which brought the League of Nations into being.
3. ILO became the first specialized agency of the United National in 1946.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
11
56. Reverse or ‘positive’ discrimination is a policy, in an early form associated with
‘affirmative action’ or race issue in USA, which discriminates in favour of disadvantaged
groups in the hope of compensating for past injustices. This was recognized in the US
Supreme Court case :
(a) Regents of the University of California Vs. Martin
(b) Regents of the University of California Vs. Bakke
(c) Regents of the University of Florida Vs. Bakke
(d) Regents of the University of Florida Vs. Martin
57. Consensus laws are ones which conform to commonly hold standards of fairness or
justice, they are laws which people are ‘prepared to put op with’. On the other hand, nonconsensus
laws are ones widely regarded as unacceptable or unjust, normally reflected in
the fact of widespread disobedience. Who proposed a distinction between ‘consensus
laws’ and ‘non-consensus laws’?
(a) R. Dworkin (b) T. Campbell
(c) P. Devlin (d) M. Oakeshott
58. Who championed the cause of natured inequality and advocated the use of IQ tests which
they claimed could measure innate intelligence (Such ideas lay behind the introduction of
selection in UK schools through the use of the so-called ‘Eleven-plus’ examination)?
(a) Hans Eysenck and N. Barry (b) N. Barry and A. Jordan
(c) A. Jordan and Arthur Jensen (d) Arthur Jensen and Hans Eysenck
59. Consider the following statements above the term ‘low politics’:
1. It is related with Political development and represents a situation which is a characteristic of
underdeveloped countries.
2. It is related with decay of political institutions in a Political System.
3. It is related with the goals of a state (in international perspective) other than national survival
and security of the state.
Which of the statements above is/are incorrect?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
60. Who defined ‘ideology’ as ‘a new science of ideas’ for the first time?
(a) A.D de Tracy (b) Karl Mannheim
(c) Karl Marx (d) Daniel Bell
61. Consider the following statements above models of Decision-making theory and their
features:
1. According to Organizational process model, decision makers rely on standard operating
procedures.
2. According to Individual decision-making model, decision makers suffer from misperceptions
or selective perception.
3. According to Rational model, foreign policy decisions result from the bargaining process
among various government agencies.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 1 and 2
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) Only 3
12
62. Consider the following statements:
1. In the Federal Republic of Germany, the authority to declare a political party unconstitutional
lies with Federal Constitutional Court.
2. Federal Constitutional court of Germany is located at Karlsruhe and there are 18 judges
associated with this court.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
63. Consider the following statements:
1. Accumulation of Elected Offices can be seen in France.
2. Definitive Vote in France is related with Senate.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
64. Consider the following statements:
1. Cohabitation , a situation when attempts are made to avoid political deadlock , is a practical
fact of German Political system.
2. Two -Vote Ballot Procedure is used in Germany to elect the members of Bundersat.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
65. The term ‘fourth Estate’ is used in context of Press, media and newspaper. Identity the
political thinker who coined the term ‘fourth Estate’?
(a) Edmund Burke (b) V.I. Lenin
(c) Ram Mohan Roy (d) Walter Lippman
66. Consider the following presidents of France :
1. Georges Pompidou 2. Valery Giscard d’ Estaing
3. Francois Mitterrand 4. Jacques Rena Chirac
The correct chronological order of there Presidents are
(a) 1, 3, 2 and 4 (b) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(c) 3, 1, 2 and 4 (d) 2, 3, 1 and 4
67. Consider the following statements:
1. While considering the number of members of a political party ; The Communist Party of
China is the largest ruling party of the world.
2. The first socialist Constitution in China was enforced in 1949.
3. By definition the Constitution of China is rigid, but in practical it is a flexible constitution.
4. The current Constitution of China is that of 1982, and the re-establishment of the post of the
president is an important feature of this constitution.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 2 and 4
13
68. In the United Kingdom, for Scottish Parliament and Welsh National Assembly, the
additional members are elected on the basis of:
(a) Proportional representation (b) Consociational democracy
(c) First past the post system (d) Alternative vote system
69. Consider the following pairs :
1. Post-modernity : Leslie Fielder and Ihab Hastan
2. Post-structuralism : Michel Foucault
3. Structuralism : Louis Althusser
4. Neorealism : John Mearsheimer
Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 4
70. The cup that Jesus Christ used at the Last Supper is known as ‘Holy Grail’. In the study of
Political Science, ‘Holy Grail’ is often seen close to :
(a) Gabriel A. Almond and David Easton (b) Samuel H. Beer and A.B. Ulam
(c) Eugene Meehan and Marion Levy (d) Flanigan and Fogelman
71. Consider the following statements above the Constitution of China:
1. It consists of 138 articles and it is bigger than all the previous constitution of china.
2. In the Constitution of China, the Amendment Procedure is tougher than that in previous
Constitutions.
3. China is a Multinational state in which there are 56 nationalities.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 2 and 3
72. About the constitution of South Africa, consider the following statements:
1. Movement for Democratic change (MDC) is a well know mass movement of South Africa.
2. In South Africa, the Presidential Cabinet is constituted by proportional representation of
political parties.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
73. Who among the following is credited with formulating welfare economics and the social
justice theory?
(a) Man Mohan Singh (b) K.N. Raj
(c) Bimal Jalan (d) Amartya Sen
74. Consider the following statements:
1. In the United States of America, an amendment of the constitution may be made if the
proposal is passed by two-thirds majority of each House of Congress and is thereafter
accepted by a vote of the legislatures of three - fourths of the states.
2. In the American Presidential elections, if no Presidential candidate secures the minimum 270
college votes needed for outright victory, the House of Representative chooses a President
from among the first two finishers in the Electoral College.
Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?
(a) only 1 (b) only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
14
75. The concept of ‘over-developed state’ is elaborated by :
(a) Heinz Eulau (b) Hamza Alvi
(c) Herbert Spencer (d) Benedict Anderson
76. Consider the following statements:
1. The structural instability in the European state system caused by the emergence of a
powerful and united Germany is known as ‘German Problem’.
2. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was formed in part as a response to the
growing pace of European integration, and is intended to provide the basis for a wider
economic partnership covering the whole western hemisphere.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
77. Stasiology is the study of
(a) Different approaches in Comparative Politics.
(b) Parliamentary Elections
(c) Political Parties
(d) Pressure groups
78. Consider the fallowing:
1. Identity Crisis and Continuity Crisis
2. Legitimacy Crisis and Penetration Crisis
3. Persuasion Crisis and Participation Crisis
4. Integration Crisis and Distribution Crisis
Which of the above are included in the classification of crisis, described by Lucian W. Pie in his
famous book ‘Aspects of Political Development’?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 2 and 4
79. Consider the following statements:
1. There are two dimensions of Political Development: Sociological and Psychological.
2. The derivatives of sociological and Psychological dimensions of Political Development are
Political Socialization and Political Acculturation respectively.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
80. ‘Amicus Curie’ is used by:
(a) Media to influence public opinion. (b) Supreme Court of different countries
(c) Political Parties (d) Pressure Groups
81. Consider the following statements:
1. ‘Sendero Laminoso’ (Shining Path) were Maoist Guirillas, who preferred violence.
2. ‘Sendero Laminoso’ worked in Bolivia.
3. ‘ZANU-PF’ is the political party of South Africa.
4. ‘Action Democratica’ is a left wing political party of Venezuela.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1 and 2
15
82. The basis (parameter) in the classification of political parties, as classified by Giovanni
Sartori is :
(a) Number of political parties (b) Violence
(c) Competition (d) Composition
83. Match List-I (Theories about political parties) with List-II (Scholars associated) and select
the correct answer using codes given below the Lists:
List I List II
A. Cleavage Theory 1. Maurice Duverger
B. Realignment Theory 2. Rokkan
C. Spatial Theory 3. Joseph La Palombara
D. Permeation Theory 4. Giovanni Sartori
5. Sandquist and Burnham
Code:
A B C D
(a) 1 5 4 2
(b) 3 2 5 1
(c) 2 3 4 1
(d) 2 5 4 1
84. Which among the following is correct?
(a) Political Theory consists of Political Science and Political Philosophy
(b) Political Philosophy Consists of Political Theory and Political Science
(c) Political Science Consists of Political Theory and Political Philosophy.
(d) Political Theory consists of Political Philosophy and International Relations.
85. Consider the following statements:
1. Neo-liberalism stressed most for importance of national interest and power in bipolar world.
2. Neo-Realists’ fundamental departure from classical realism lies in the idea that international
politics can be thought of as a system with a precisely defined structure.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) only 1 (b) only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
86. William H. Riker, in his book ‘The Theory of Political Coalitions’, has applied three main
principles associated with political simulation. Which one of the following is not one of
them?
(a) Disequilibrium principle (b) Strategy principle
(c) Size principle (d) Equilibrium principle
87. Reforms in criminal Justice System have been recommended by:
(a) Justice Verma Committee (b) Justice Sabbarwal Committee
(c) Justice Malimath Committee (d) Justice Ramaswamy Commattee
88. The law that “officials make work for each other” was postulated by :
(a) Ramsay Muir (b) N. Parkinson
(c) Max Weber (d) Herbert Morrison
89. Which one of the following documents first declared that ‘men are created equal’?
(a) Magna carta (b) Declaration of Independence, 1779
(c) Declaration of rights of Man, 1789 (d) Constitution of India 1950
16
90. In the game theory of international politics, ‘mixed-motive’ is associated with:
(a) M. Shubik (b) Karl W. Deutsh
(c) T. Schelling (d) Oscar Morgenstern
91. Decision-making approach has its highest relevance in a situation of:
(a) Talks (b) Peace
(c) Was (d) Crisis
92. There are some scholars who regard all nations as constituting a single international system and
the less comprehensive patterns of interaction as a sub-system. Who prefers the term “Partial
international system” for a sub-system?
(a) Stanley Hoffmann (b) Charles McClelland
(c) Irish L. Claude (d) Morton A. Kaplan
93. Who among the following was considered to be a forerunner of backward class movement?
(a) Jotirao Phule (b) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
(c) E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker (d) Ram Manohar Lohia
94. Most of the Third world states are
(a) Ethnically and culturally divided (b) Linguistically homogeneous
(c) Rich in natural resources (d) Economically self-reliant
95. “Political reforms must precede and not follow social reforms”- Who is associated with this idea in
Indian context?
(a) B.G. Tilak (b) Ram Mohan Ray
(c) G.K. Gokhala (d) M.K. Gandhi
96. Consider the following statements:
1. Returning officer of the constituency can order recount of the votes polled, if a candidate demands so,
in Lok Sabha elections.
2. Railway Convention Committee is an ad hoc Parliamentary Committee.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) only 1 (b) only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
97. What type of government, Machiavelli preferred the most?
(a) Republic (b) Aristocracy
(c) Oligarchy (d) Democracy
98. Consider the following statements about the State and global order:
1. State power, nationalism and territorial boundaries are of growing, not less, important in world politics.
2. The effects of globalization on the lives of women have been multiple, contradictory, inclusionary and
exclusionary.
3. Internationalzation and regionalization are creatures of States, not corporations or capitalism.
4. By comparison with the period 1870 to 1914 the world is much less globalized economically,
politically and culturally.
Which of the statements given above consist of the skeptical view of globalization?
(a) 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3
99. There are very marked similarities between some of the political aspects of globalization and long
standing, ideas of liberal progress. There have most recently been expressed in the works of
writers such as Bruce Russett and Michael Doyle in the form of
(a) Liberal Progress Theory (b) Liberal was Theory
(c) Libertarian Peace Theory (d) Liberal Peace Theory
17
100. According to Vilfreto Pareto, the main qualities of elites are :
1. Intelligence 2. Capacity of Organisation
3. Talent 4. Leadership qualities
Which of the following is correct?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
101. Concept of ‘Public Sphere’ was discussed in the study done by :
(a) George Lukacs (b) Jurgen Habermas
(c) St. Simon (d) Eduard Bernstein
102. Consider the following statements:
1. The new thing in New Social Movements is that new Social Movement typically have a postmaterial
orientation, being more concerned with ‘quality of life issues than with social advancement.
2. St. Simon first used the term ‘social movement’.
3. The experience of totalitarianism encouraged mass society theorists such as Erich From and Hannah
Arendt to see movements in distinctly positive terms.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
103. Who defines politics as ‘an art of the possible’:
(a) Machiavelli (b) Mazzini
(c) Bismarck (d) Garner
104. Who highlighted the ‘fiscal crisis of the welfare state’ and spoke about the ‘economic
contradictions of democracy’ in 1970-80?
(a) Samuel Brittan (b) Theodore Levitt
(c) Paul Samuelson (d) Joseph E. Stiglitz
105. “This argument cannot be given against Globalization that it has heightened and broadened
poverty in poor countries and raised the inequality at the world-level.”
Whose recent study justifies the above statement?
(a) Panl Krugman (b) Joseph Stiglitz
(c) Mohammad Yunus (d) Sala I. Martin
106. ‘Manufacturing Consent’ , a term which denotes that public opinion can be distorted easily by
technologically developed press and Media, is associated with :
(a) E.M. Sait (b) Walter Lippman
(c) Noam Chomsky (d) Lowell
107. Who proposed that ‘no citizen shall be rich enough to buy another and none so poor as to be
forced to sell himself’?
(a) J.J. Rousseau (b) Karl Marx
(c) Robert Owen (d) John Rawls
108. Who looked State as an entity defined by its monopoly of the means of ‘legitimate violence’?
(a) Herbert Marcuse (b) Robert Nozick
(c) Max Weber (d) Karl Marx
109. Jamaican Political Thinker and activist, and an early advocate of black nationalism, who founded
the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in 1914 was :
(a) John Tailor (b) S. Campbell
(c) Martin Luther King (d) Marcus Garvey
18
110. Who wrote the book ‘Gandhi’s Rise to Power’ and used the world ‘sub-contractors’ for Rajendra
Prasad, Sachchidanand Sinha and J.B. Kriplani?
(a) W.W. Hunter (b) Judith Brown
(c) R.C. Majumdar (d) Lord Wavell
111. Who established the organisation “Depressed Classes Mission Society”?
(a) Jyotiba Phule (b) B.R. Shinde
(c) B.R. Ambedkar (d) M.G. Ranade
112. Consider the following statements :
1. The Harmonious state, which had a preoccupation with legitimation, arose during the first phase of
capitalist industrialization.
2. The Accumulative State corresponded to the second wave of capitalist industrialization. It made
accumulation its own mechanisms of legitimation.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) only 1 (b) only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
113. The Cripps Mission rejected the League demand for a separate sovereign state of Pakistan as:
(a) Inadequate (b) Invalid
(c) Impossible (d) Impracticable
114. “First Principle…. Second Principle… first priority rule… second priority rule…” – This type of
language is used to define Justice by :
(a) Michael Sandel (b) John Rawls
(c) Charles Tailor (d) Alexander MacIntyre
115. Consider the following statements:
1. J.S. Mill supported Proportional Representation but did not support plural voting because he believed
in liberty.
2. J.S. Mill did not prefer unicameral parliament.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) only 1 (b) only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) neither 1 nor 2
116. A cantonment board is established for municipal administration for civilian population in the
cantonment area. It is set up according to a legislation enacted by Central Government. The
legislation is:
(a) Cantonments Act of 1878 (b) Cantonments Act of 1921
(c) Cantonments Act of 1924 (d) Cantonments Act of 1992
117. The Executive Office of the President (EOP), in the United States of America, consists of the top
staff agencies which aid and advice the President in carrying out his duties and responsibilities as
the administrative head of the executive branch of the government.
Consider the following statements about EOP :
1. This office was established in 1940 by the then president Franklin D. Roosevelt.
2. EOP was established by an executive order under the Reorganization Act of 1937.
3. The creation of this office to provide the President with a ‘general staff’ was recommended by the
Brownlow Committee (President’s Committee on Administrative Management) Report of 1937.
4. The White House office, The National Security Council and The Council on Environmental Quality are
some well known staff agencies, which are parts of Executive office of the President (EOP).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
19
118. Consider the following statements about Great Britain:
1. The primacy of the rights of the individual, is a salient feature of the Constitution of Great Britain that
is, the Constitution is the result of the rights of individual as defined by and enforced by the courts of
law, rather then the Constitution being the source of the individual rights.
2. At present there are 659 seats in the House of Commons and these are distributed among England,
Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
3. Privy Council, in its present form, came into existence in the fifteenth century as an advisory body to
the British monarch. Presently, it consists of 330 members and includes, inter alia, all cabinet
ministers. Past cabinet ministers are also included.
4. British Cabinet Secretarial became permanent on the recommendation of the Haldane Committee
Reoprt on the Machinery of the Government in Britain (1918).
5. The Fulton Committee submitted its report (about British Civil Service) in 1958 and observed that “we
seek to remedy”.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1, 3 and 5 (b) 1, 2, 3 and 5
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
119. Consider following statements about local governance:
1. Heterogeneity is the characteristic feature of the American system of local government.
2. The units of local government in the United States of America are more autonomous than the British
units of local government.
3. In France, the local government is neither autonomous nor self-governing.
4. In France, canton is the smallest unit of local government.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
120. At present, how many cantonment boards are there in India?
(a) 60 (b) 63
(c) 66 (d) 69
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2
1. Read the following three statements:
‘A’ : Gradualness as the midwife of social change
‘B’ : War alone brings up to their highest tension all human energies and puts the stamp of
nobility upon the peoples who have the courage to meet it.
‘C’: It is not the consciousness of men that determines their existence, but, on the contrary, their
social existence determines their consciousness.
Which political ideology is reflected in the respective statements?
(a) Marxism in ‘A’ , Liberalism in ‘B’ and Democratic socialism in ‘C’.
(b) Democratic Socialism in ‘A’ , Fascism in ‘B’ and Marxism in ‘C’.
(c) Democratic socialism in ‘A’ , Fascism in ‘B’ and Idealism in ‘C’.
(d) Marxism in ‘A’, Fascism in ‘B’ and Democratic Socialism in ‘C’.
2. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using codes given below the Lists:
List I List II
A. Doctrine of occupied field 1. Identifies the list to which an impugned
law may be ascribed.
B. Doctrine of Pith and Substance 2. To interpret the wide terms giving them
restricted meaning
C. Doctrine of Reading Down 3. What cannot be done directly cannot be
done indirectly
D. Doctrine of Colourable legislation 4. Concurrent list
5. Since India is a multicultural society, all
colours of political life has equal rights to
survive.
Code:
A B C D
(a) 4 1 2 5
(b) 4 3 2 1
(c) 4 1 2 3
(d) 2 1 4 3
3. Consider the following statements:
1. Article 11 confers on the Parliament power to enact a law regarding citizenship. An act made
in pursuance of that power will change the law relating to citizenship and will alter the text of
articles 5 to 10. It can be done by a simple majority of the parliament.
2. Creation of Council of Ministers for Union Territories is a provision that can be changed
easily by ordinary law.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(b) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
4. Who among the following thinkers have given a wide explanation of cosmopolitan
citizenship?
(a) David Held (b) Anthony Giddens
(c) T.H. Marshall (d) Derek Heater
3
5. There are many types of Political culture in the world . S.E. Finer has noticed the role of
army in any country and suggested three variables (types) of political culture. The three
variables are:
1. Matured political culture 2. Developed political culture
3. Under developed political culture 4. Low political culture
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 4
6. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using codes given below the Lists:
List I (Constitutional Amendment) List II (Effects)
A. 37th 1. Tripura in the sixth schedule
B. 49th 2. Legislature to some UTs
C. 58th 3. Publication of the constitution in Hindi
D. 77th 4. National capital status to Delhi
5. Reservation in promotions to SCs and
STs
Code:
A B C D
(a) 2 1 3 5
(b) 3 4 2 1
(c) 2 4 3 1
(d) 3 1 2 5
7. In reality the UK parliament enjoys neither legal nor political sovereignty. Its legal
sovereignty has been compromised by membership of the European Union. As an EU
member, the UK is obliged to conform to European Law and is thus subject to the
jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. The case in which , for the
first time , the European Court of justice declared UK legislation to be unlawful was:
(a) Factortame case of 1991 related with Continental Shelf and Territorial Waters Act.
(b) Factortame case of 1991 related with Merchant Shipping Act 1988
(c) Trading case of 1990 related with Fishing Act 1987
(d) Trading case of 1990 related with Mining Act 1986
8. The United States of America originally comprised 13 states, to which 7 were added
subsequently. Thirsty other states , which were formerly territories , were also admitted
into union as full States , thus making up 50 states in all, apart from the district of
Columbia. The only state with unicameral legislature is :
(a) Alaska (b) Virginia
(c) Nebraska (d) Wyoming
9. Consider the following statements:
1. Kenneth Waltz, who coined the term ‘neorealism’, is considered to be the father of
neorealism.
2. The significance of Waltz’s theory lies not so much in his attempt at systematizing various
traditions of political realism into a rigorous and deductive theory of international politics but
in as initiation of a new line of theoretical inquiry.
Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
4
10. Globalization, to varying degrees, is evident in all the principle sectors of social activities.
In the economic sphere, patterns of worldwide trade, finance and production are creating
global markets and , in the process , a single global capitalist economy. Who among the
following scholars calls this economy “global informational capitalism”?
(a) M. Castells (b) Marshall Mc Luhan
(c) R. Robertson (d) John Burton
11. Over the last three decades the sheer scale and scope of global interconnectedness has
become increasingly evident in every sphere from the economic to the cultural. Attempts
to define Globalization has been made. Match the List I with List II and choose the correct
answer:
List I ( Definitions of Globalization ) List II ( Thinkers/Scholars)
A. The intensification of worldwide social relations 1. J.A. Schole
which link distant localities in such a way that
local happenings are shaped by events
occurring many miles away and vice versa.
B. The integration of the world economy 2. R. Gilpin
C. De - territorilization or the growth of supraterritorial 3. Harvey
relations between people
D. Time-space compression 4. Giddens
5. Marshall Mc Luhan
Code:
A B C D
(a) 4 2 1 5
(b) 4 2 5 3
(c) 4 2 1 3
(d) 1 2 4 3
12. The central feature of ecologism is that regards nature as an interconnected whole
embracing humans and non-humans as well as the inanimate world. Feminism is
characterized primarily by its political stance: the attempt to advance the social role of
women . Who of the following names are Eco-feminists?
1. Betty Friedan 2. Maria Mies
3. Vandana Shiva 4. Carole Pateman
Codes:
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 4
13. Eva Balfour is mainly associated with
(a) NGOs
(b) Sustainable development
(c) Modern theories of citizenship
(d) British workers federation and Labour party
14. Consider the following statements about the Union and the State in India:
1. Any State law would be void if it has extra-territorial operation unless sufficient nexus can be
shown to exist between the object and the States.
2. Laws made by Parliament cannot be questioned on grounds on extra-territorial operation.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
5
15. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using codes given below the Lists:
List I (Perspectives on Nature) List II (Theories)
A. Nature as a resource to satisfy human needs 1. Feminists
and thus human dominion over nature should
not be questioned.
B. Nature as threatening even cruel, characterized 2. Liberals
by an amoral struggle and harshnesses that
also shapes human existence.
C. Nature offers a model of simplicity and balance, 3. Conservatives
which human would be wise to apply to social
organization in the form of social ecology
D. Nature as creative and benign …… thought to 4. Socialists
be close to nature and in tune with natural forces.
5. Anarchists
Code:
A B C D
(a) 2 3 5 1
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 5 3 2 1
(d) 5 1 4 3
16. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using codes given below the Lists:
List I (Thinkers) List II (Theories)
A. Emile Berd 1. Neorealism
B. Bernard Cohen 2. Decision-making approach
C. Richard Cox 3. Game Theory
D. Thomas Schelling 4. Bargaining Theory
5. Neoidealism
Code:
A B C D
(a) 3 2 1 4
(b) 4 2 1 3
(c) 3 2 5 4
(d) 2 3 1 4
17. Consider the following statements:
1. In the USA and in Australia the constitution contains only the powers of the Federal
Legislature. The remaining powers vest in the states.
2. The Government of India Act, 1935 classified all possible topics of legislation in two lists -
the Federal list and the Provincial list.
3. In Indian Constitution, provisions regarding Trade, Commerce and Intercourse were
modelled on the Australian Constitution.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3 (d) only 1
6
18. Consider the following statements about Indian Constitution:
1. The seventh schedule to the Constitution embodies three lists, viz. the Union List, the State
List and the Concurrent List. Even after the changes in the schedule brought about by
constitution Amendment Acts, the numbers of entries in the three lists have remained the
same.
2. The most for reaching changes in lists were made by the seventh and the forty-second
amendments.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
19. Consider the following statements about Constitutions of India and USA :
1. Doctrine of Police Power is evolved by the judiciary in USA and this doctrine, in its accepted
form, is applicable to India also.
2. Doctrine of Police Power emerges from the basic concept that all property belongs to the
State. It has the inherent sovereign right to take and appropriate private property within its
jurisdiction for public use. For the welfare of the people in general, private property may be
acquired by the State.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
20. Consider the following statements about Government of India Act, 1935 :’
1. This Act finally sought to break up the unitary system under which British India has hitherto
been administered.
2. Under this act the Provinces were for the first time recognized in law as separate entities,
exercising executive and legislative powers in their own field, in their own right, free in normal
circumstances from central control, in that field.
3. This Act used the terminology ‘Federation of India’.
4. The Act separated Burma from India and two new provinces of Punjab and Sind were
created.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1, 2, and 3 (b) 1, 2 and 4
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
21. Who among the following extends the jurisdiction of a High court to, or exclude from, any
Union Territory?
(a) Parliament by Law
(b) The President of India
(c) The Chief Justice of India
(d) Legislature of the state, with two-third majority, in which the High Court is situated.
22. Consider the following statements about Art. 14 the Constitution of India:
1. ‘Equality before the law’ is termed as a positive concept and ‘equal protection of laws’ is
regarded as a negative concept.
2. ‘Like should be treated alike’ is closely related with the phrase ‘equality before the law.’
3. What Art 14 prohibits is class legislation and not classification for the purpose of legislation.
4. Natural justice is an ingredient of Art. 14.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 3 and 4
7
23. Law (s) Subject to the mandate of Art. 14 is/are :
(a) Substantive law only (b) Procedure law only
(c) Both Substantive and Procedure law (d) Neither Substantive nor Procedure law
24. In Indian context doctrine of territorial nexus is related with:
(a) States (b) Union
(c) Both State and Union (d) Neither State nor Union
25. Consider the following statements:
1. If for a period of sixty days a member of either House of Parliament is without permission of
the House absent from all meetings thereof, the House may declare his seat vacant -
provided that in computing the said period of sixty days no account shall be taken of any
period during which the House is prorogued or is adjourned for more than five consecutive
days.
2. Attorney General for India does not have fixed term of five years.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
26. A person not already in the service of the Union or of the State shall only be eligible to be
appointed a district judge if he has been for not less than :
(a) Seven years an advocate or a pleader (b) Six years an advocate or a pleader
(c) Five years an advocate or a pleader (d) Ten years an advocate or a pleader
27. According to Art. 51, The state shall endeavour to encourage settlement of international
disputes by:
(a) PERSUATION (b) NEGOTIATION
(c) PEACEFUL COMPROMISE (d) ARBITRATION
28. Which among the following is / are not correctly matched?
1. Chattisgarh high Court – Bilaspur
2. Kerala High Court - Thiruanant puram
3. Rajasthan High Court - Jaipure
4. Himanchal High Court - Shimla
Codes:
(a) 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
29. Consider the following statements about Parliamentary privileges:
1. Parliamentary privileges are not the privileges of parliament.
2. Art 105 (3) was, however amended, in 1976, to provide that in respect of privileges other
than those specified in the Constitution, the powers, privileges and immunities of each House
of Parliament, its Members and Committees shall be those of that House, its Members and
committees immediately before the coming into force of the Constitution ( Forty Second
Amendment ) Act, 1976.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
8
30. NGO campaigning for Human Rights is/are:
1. PUCL 2. Amnesty International
3. World Watch 4. Oxfam
Codes :
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 1 and 2
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Directions: The next sixteen items (31 to 46) consist of two statements: One labelled as the
‘Assertion (A)’ and the other as ‘Reason (R)’. You are the examine these two statements
carefully and select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
31. Assertion (A) : The Constitution of India has provided that parliament may by law establish a
Common High Court for two or more states (Art 231).
Reason (R) : All the states do not have equal population. The number of proceedings that may
originate in many small states in a year may be less tan those filed in a day in the
Allahabad High Court.
32. Assertion (A) : It can be said about State that it is not an anthropological necessity.
Reason (R) : Society provides organizations to individuals and groups.
33. Assertion (A) : Thomas Hobbes was inclined towards absolutism.
Reason (R) : Thomas Hobbes was an Englishmen who lived in the days of the Civil War.
34. Assertion (A) : The demand for a New International Economic Order ( NIEO ) called for a
restructuring of the world economy to bridge the gap between rich and poor
countries of the world.
Reason (R) : Because of the complex structure of the International system, the conventional
International Economic Order was no. more relevant.
35. Assertion (A) : The Constitution of India does not make any specific provision in regard to
Parliamentary Committees, but these are mentioned in several articles.
Reason (R) : The committees of parliament are not helpful for Indian political system.
36. Assertion (A) : The Public Accounts Committee, Popularity known as PAC, is the oldest
Financial Committee.
Reason (R) : The Committee war first set up in 1911, under the Morley - Minto reform
proposals.
37. Assertion (A) : The Estimates Committee is representative in nature.
Reason (R) : This Committee consists of members who are elected from both the Houses of
Parliament.
9
38. Assertion (A) : Machiavelli is the first modern political Scientist.
Reason (R) : Machiavelli wanted the creation and consolidation of a national monarchy in Italy.
39. Assertion (A) : Discussing about forms of Government is can be said that the Unitary State is
stronger than a Federal one because all power of Government are concentrated
in the hands of one single set of authorities.
Reason (R) : Absence of conflict of authority and responsibility is a feature of Unitary state.
40. Assertion (A) : Social contract theory is an important theory about the state.
Reason (R) : The purpose of this theory is to trace the origin and development of state.
41. Assertion (A) : For Aristotle state is like a moral organism.
Reason (R) : Aristotle emphasizes on his dictum that the state is prior to man.
42. Assertion (A) : On the grounds of Philosophy and rationality John Locke is best of all the
Philosophers associated with social contract theory.
Reason (R) : John Locke regards the contract as an actual historical fact.
43. Assertion (A) : In USA many people see ‘welfare state’ as a curse.
Reason (R) : People in USA are individualistic and by ‘welfare state’ they usually mean a
Socialist Sate, if not a Communist state.
44. Assertion (A) : Hobbes was the first great philosopher of discipline.
Reason (R) : Hobbes makes us see the fundamental necessity of a strong government.
45. Assertion (A) : According to Herbert Spencer an organism grows and is not made.
Reason (R) : Free education and health services should not be promoted as they hinder the
Self - development of the state (Herbert Spencer).
46. Assertion (A) : Fichte, who belonged to the group of German idealists, was the first to bring out
clearly the interdependence of the individual and society.
Reason (R) : The Eighteenth century political thought began with a reaction to the view that the
state is an artificial creation of man.
47. According to German Philosopher Immanuel Kant, Natural Rights are
(a) Moral rights (b) Inherent needs of human nature
(c) Rights which can be justified (d) Physical and mental powers of a man
48. The ascending order of literacy in following four states are:
(a) Andhra Pradesh, Meghalaya, Orissa and Assam
(b) Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Meghalaya and Assam
(c) Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Meghalaya and Assam
(d) Orissa, Meghalaya, Assam and Andhra Pradesh
49. Consider the following statements:
1. In overall literary rate Tamilnadu is better than Tripura, but female literacy rate in Tripura is
better than that of Tamilnadu.
2. Population of Scheduled Tribes in Bihar is less than that in Arunachal Pradesh.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
10
50. Who among the following is not related with Hindustan Mazdoor Sabha?
(a) Patel (b) Rajendra Prasad
(c) Jai Prakash Narain (d) J.B. Kriplani
51. Consider the following statements:
1. Ideological differences between J.L. Nehru and M.K. Gandhi can be seen in the book
‘Glimpses of World History’.
2. J.L Nehru has shown his inclination towards socialism in his articles and letters, written for
Indian Gandhi, published as ‘Whither India’.
3. J.L. Nehru wrote his famous book ‘The Discovery of India’ during his imprisonment in
Lucknow jail.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) None (b) only 1
(c) only 2 (d) only 3
52. The USA President associated with ‘War on Poverty’, an ambitious programme of
education, job training and urban renewal projects in:
(a) Abraham Lincoln (b) Lyndon Johnson
(c) Dwight D. Eisenhower (d) Jimmy Carter
53. The term ‘high politics’ is related with:
(a) Morality in politics with higher values and norms
(b) Security of the State
(c) Political Philosophy and public life
(d) The fact that MNCs and NGOs influence the relations between two states.
54. Consider the following statements:
1. Duration of the House of the people may, while a proclamation of Emergency is in operation,
be extended by Parliament by law for a period not exceeding one your at a time and not
extending in any case beyond a period of six months after the Proclamation has ceased to
operate.
2. According to Art. 108, at a joint sitting of the two House the Speaker of the House of the
People shall preside.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
55. Consider the following statements:
1. UN-HABITAT was established in 1978 and has its headquarters at the UN office in Nairobi,
Kenya.
2. ILO (International Labour Organisation) is the only surviving major creation of the treaty of
Versailles which brought the League of Nations into being.
3. ILO became the first specialized agency of the United National in 1946.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
11
56. Reverse or ‘positive’ discrimination is a policy, in an early form associated with
‘affirmative action’ or race issue in USA, which discriminates in favour of disadvantaged
groups in the hope of compensating for past injustices. This was recognized in the US
Supreme Court case :
(a) Regents of the University of California Vs. Martin
(b) Regents of the University of California Vs. Bakke
(c) Regents of the University of Florida Vs. Bakke
(d) Regents of the University of Florida Vs. Martin
57. Consensus laws are ones which conform to commonly hold standards of fairness or
justice, they are laws which people are ‘prepared to put op with’. On the other hand, nonconsensus
laws are ones widely regarded as unacceptable or unjust, normally reflected in
the fact of widespread disobedience. Who proposed a distinction between ‘consensus
laws’ and ‘non-consensus laws’?
(a) R. Dworkin (b) T. Campbell
(c) P. Devlin (d) M. Oakeshott
58. Who championed the cause of natured inequality and advocated the use of IQ tests which
they claimed could measure innate intelligence (Such ideas lay behind the introduction of
selection in UK schools through the use of the so-called ‘Eleven-plus’ examination)?
(a) Hans Eysenck and N. Barry (b) N. Barry and A. Jordan
(c) A. Jordan and Arthur Jensen (d) Arthur Jensen and Hans Eysenck
59. Consider the following statements above the term ‘low politics’:
1. It is related with Political development and represents a situation which is a characteristic of
underdeveloped countries.
2. It is related with decay of political institutions in a Political System.
3. It is related with the goals of a state (in international perspective) other than national survival
and security of the state.
Which of the statements above is/are incorrect?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
60. Who defined ‘ideology’ as ‘a new science of ideas’ for the first time?
(a) A.D de Tracy (b) Karl Mannheim
(c) Karl Marx (d) Daniel Bell
61. Consider the following statements above models of Decision-making theory and their
features:
1. According to Organizational process model, decision makers rely on standard operating
procedures.
2. According to Individual decision-making model, decision makers suffer from misperceptions
or selective perception.
3. According to Rational model, foreign policy decisions result from the bargaining process
among various government agencies.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 1 and 2
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) Only 3
12
62. Consider the following statements:
1. In the Federal Republic of Germany, the authority to declare a political party unconstitutional
lies with Federal Constitutional Court.
2. Federal Constitutional court of Germany is located at Karlsruhe and there are 18 judges
associated with this court.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
63. Consider the following statements:
1. Accumulation of Elected Offices can be seen in France.
2. Definitive Vote in France is related with Senate.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
64. Consider the following statements:
1. Cohabitation , a situation when attempts are made to avoid political deadlock , is a practical
fact of German Political system.
2. Two -Vote Ballot Procedure is used in Germany to elect the members of Bundersat.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
65. The term ‘fourth Estate’ is used in context of Press, media and newspaper. Identity the
political thinker who coined the term ‘fourth Estate’?
(a) Edmund Burke (b) V.I. Lenin
(c) Ram Mohan Roy (d) Walter Lippman
66. Consider the following presidents of France :
1. Georges Pompidou 2. Valery Giscard d’ Estaing
3. Francois Mitterrand 4. Jacques Rena Chirac
The correct chronological order of there Presidents are
(a) 1, 3, 2 and 4 (b) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(c) 3, 1, 2 and 4 (d) 2, 3, 1 and 4
67. Consider the following statements:
1. While considering the number of members of a political party ; The Communist Party of
China is the largest ruling party of the world.
2. The first socialist Constitution in China was enforced in 1949.
3. By definition the Constitution of China is rigid, but in practical it is a flexible constitution.
4. The current Constitution of China is that of 1982, and the re-establishment of the post of the
president is an important feature of this constitution.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 2 and 4
13
68. In the United Kingdom, for Scottish Parliament and Welsh National Assembly, the
additional members are elected on the basis of:
(a) Proportional representation (b) Consociational democracy
(c) First past the post system (d) Alternative vote system
69. Consider the following pairs :
1. Post-modernity : Leslie Fielder and Ihab Hastan
2. Post-structuralism : Michel Foucault
3. Structuralism : Louis Althusser
4. Neorealism : John Mearsheimer
Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 4
70. The cup that Jesus Christ used at the Last Supper is known as ‘Holy Grail’. In the study of
Political Science, ‘Holy Grail’ is often seen close to :
(a) Gabriel A. Almond and David Easton (b) Samuel H. Beer and A.B. Ulam
(c) Eugene Meehan and Marion Levy (d) Flanigan and Fogelman
71. Consider the following statements above the Constitution of China:
1. It consists of 138 articles and it is bigger than all the previous constitution of china.
2. In the Constitution of China, the Amendment Procedure is tougher than that in previous
Constitutions.
3. China is a Multinational state in which there are 56 nationalities.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 2 and 3
72. About the constitution of South Africa, consider the following statements:
1. Movement for Democratic change (MDC) is a well know mass movement of South Africa.
2. In South Africa, the Presidential Cabinet is constituted by proportional representation of
political parties.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
73. Who among the following is credited with formulating welfare economics and the social
justice theory?
(a) Man Mohan Singh (b) K.N. Raj
(c) Bimal Jalan (d) Amartya Sen
74. Consider the following statements:
1. In the United States of America, an amendment of the constitution may be made if the
proposal is passed by two-thirds majority of each House of Congress and is thereafter
accepted by a vote of the legislatures of three - fourths of the states.
2. In the American Presidential elections, if no Presidential candidate secures the minimum 270
college votes needed for outright victory, the House of Representative chooses a President
from among the first two finishers in the Electoral College.
Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?
(a) only 1 (b) only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
14
75. The concept of ‘over-developed state’ is elaborated by :
(a) Heinz Eulau (b) Hamza Alvi
(c) Herbert Spencer (d) Benedict Anderson
76. Consider the following statements:
1. The structural instability in the European state system caused by the emergence of a
powerful and united Germany is known as ‘German Problem’.
2. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was formed in part as a response to the
growing pace of European integration, and is intended to provide the basis for a wider
economic partnership covering the whole western hemisphere.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
77. Stasiology is the study of
(a) Different approaches in Comparative Politics.
(b) Parliamentary Elections
(c) Political Parties
(d) Pressure groups
78. Consider the fallowing:
1. Identity Crisis and Continuity Crisis
2. Legitimacy Crisis and Penetration Crisis
3. Persuasion Crisis and Participation Crisis
4. Integration Crisis and Distribution Crisis
Which of the above are included in the classification of crisis, described by Lucian W. Pie in his
famous book ‘Aspects of Political Development’?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 2 and 4
79. Consider the following statements:
1. There are two dimensions of Political Development: Sociological and Psychological.
2. The derivatives of sociological and Psychological dimensions of Political Development are
Political Socialization and Political Acculturation respectively.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
80. ‘Amicus Curie’ is used by:
(a) Media to influence public opinion. (b) Supreme Court of different countries
(c) Political Parties (d) Pressure Groups
81. Consider the following statements:
1. ‘Sendero Laminoso’ (Shining Path) were Maoist Guirillas, who preferred violence.
2. ‘Sendero Laminoso’ worked in Bolivia.
3. ‘ZANU-PF’ is the political party of South Africa.
4. ‘Action Democratica’ is a left wing political party of Venezuela.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1 and 2
15
82. The basis (parameter) in the classification of political parties, as classified by Giovanni
Sartori is :
(a) Number of political parties (b) Violence
(c) Competition (d) Composition
83. Match List-I (Theories about political parties) with List-II (Scholars associated) and select
the correct answer using codes given below the Lists:
List I List II
A. Cleavage Theory 1. Maurice Duverger
B. Realignment Theory 2. Rokkan
C. Spatial Theory 3. Joseph La Palombara
D. Permeation Theory 4. Giovanni Sartori
5. Sandquist and Burnham
Code:
A B C D
(a) 1 5 4 2
(b) 3 2 5 1
(c) 2 3 4 1
(d) 2 5 4 1
84. Which among the following is correct?
(a) Political Theory consists of Political Science and Political Philosophy
(b) Political Philosophy Consists of Political Theory and Political Science
(c) Political Science Consists of Political Theory and Political Philosophy.
(d) Political Theory consists of Political Philosophy and International Relations.
85. Consider the following statements:
1. Neo-liberalism stressed most for importance of national interest and power in bipolar world.
2. Neo-Realists’ fundamental departure from classical realism lies in the idea that international
politics can be thought of as a system with a precisely defined structure.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) only 1 (b) only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
86. William H. Riker, in his book ‘The Theory of Political Coalitions’, has applied three main
principles associated with political simulation. Which one of the following is not one of
them?
(a) Disequilibrium principle (b) Strategy principle
(c) Size principle (d) Equilibrium principle
87. Reforms in criminal Justice System have been recommended by:
(a) Justice Verma Committee (b) Justice Sabbarwal Committee
(c) Justice Malimath Committee (d) Justice Ramaswamy Commattee
88. The law that “officials make work for each other” was postulated by :
(a) Ramsay Muir (b) N. Parkinson
(c) Max Weber (d) Herbert Morrison
89. Which one of the following documents first declared that ‘men are created equal’?
(a) Magna carta (b) Declaration of Independence, 1779
(c) Declaration of rights of Man, 1789 (d) Constitution of India 1950
16
90. In the game theory of international politics, ‘mixed-motive’ is associated with:
(a) M. Shubik (b) Karl W. Deutsh
(c) T. Schelling (d) Oscar Morgenstern
91. Decision-making approach has its highest relevance in a situation of:
(a) Talks (b) Peace
(c) Was (d) Crisis
92. There are some scholars who regard all nations as constituting a single international system and
the less comprehensive patterns of interaction as a sub-system. Who prefers the term “Partial
international system” for a sub-system?
(a) Stanley Hoffmann (b) Charles McClelland
(c) Irish L. Claude (d) Morton A. Kaplan
93. Who among the following was considered to be a forerunner of backward class movement?
(a) Jotirao Phule (b) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
(c) E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker (d) Ram Manohar Lohia
94. Most of the Third world states are
(a) Ethnically and culturally divided (b) Linguistically homogeneous
(c) Rich in natural resources (d) Economically self-reliant
95. “Political reforms must precede and not follow social reforms”- Who is associated with this idea in
Indian context?
(a) B.G. Tilak (b) Ram Mohan Ray
(c) G.K. Gokhala (d) M.K. Gandhi
96. Consider the following statements:
1. Returning officer of the constituency can order recount of the votes polled, if a candidate demands so,
in Lok Sabha elections.
2. Railway Convention Committee is an ad hoc Parliamentary Committee.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) only 1 (b) only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
97. What type of government, Machiavelli preferred the most?
(a) Republic (b) Aristocracy
(c) Oligarchy (d) Democracy
98. Consider the following statements about the State and global order:
1. State power, nationalism and territorial boundaries are of growing, not less, important in world politics.
2. The effects of globalization on the lives of women have been multiple, contradictory, inclusionary and
exclusionary.
3. Internationalzation and regionalization are creatures of States, not corporations or capitalism.
4. By comparison with the period 1870 to 1914 the world is much less globalized economically,
politically and culturally.
Which of the statements given above consist of the skeptical view of globalization?
(a) 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3
99. There are very marked similarities between some of the political aspects of globalization and long
standing, ideas of liberal progress. There have most recently been expressed in the works of
writers such as Bruce Russett and Michael Doyle in the form of
(a) Liberal Progress Theory (b) Liberal was Theory
(c) Libertarian Peace Theory (d) Liberal Peace Theory
17
100. According to Vilfreto Pareto, the main qualities of elites are :
1. Intelligence 2. Capacity of Organisation
3. Talent 4. Leadership qualities
Which of the following is correct?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
101. Concept of ‘Public Sphere’ was discussed in the study done by :
(a) George Lukacs (b) Jurgen Habermas
(c) St. Simon (d) Eduard Bernstein
102. Consider the following statements:
1. The new thing in New Social Movements is that new Social Movement typically have a postmaterial
orientation, being more concerned with ‘quality of life issues than with social advancement.
2. St. Simon first used the term ‘social movement’.
3. The experience of totalitarianism encouraged mass society theorists such as Erich From and Hannah
Arendt to see movements in distinctly positive terms.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
103. Who defines politics as ‘an art of the possible’:
(a) Machiavelli (b) Mazzini
(c) Bismarck (d) Garner
104. Who highlighted the ‘fiscal crisis of the welfare state’ and spoke about the ‘economic
contradictions of democracy’ in 1970-80?
(a) Samuel Brittan (b) Theodore Levitt
(c) Paul Samuelson (d) Joseph E. Stiglitz
105. “This argument cannot be given against Globalization that it has heightened and broadened
poverty in poor countries and raised the inequality at the world-level.”
Whose recent study justifies the above statement?
(a) Panl Krugman (b) Joseph Stiglitz
(c) Mohammad Yunus (d) Sala I. Martin
106. ‘Manufacturing Consent’ , a term which denotes that public opinion can be distorted easily by
technologically developed press and Media, is associated with :
(a) E.M. Sait (b) Walter Lippman
(c) Noam Chomsky (d) Lowell
107. Who proposed that ‘no citizen shall be rich enough to buy another and none so poor as to be
forced to sell himself’?
(a) J.J. Rousseau (b) Karl Marx
(c) Robert Owen (d) John Rawls
108. Who looked State as an entity defined by its monopoly of the means of ‘legitimate violence’?
(a) Herbert Marcuse (b) Robert Nozick
(c) Max Weber (d) Karl Marx
109. Jamaican Political Thinker and activist, and an early advocate of black nationalism, who founded
the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in 1914 was :
(a) John Tailor (b) S. Campbell
(c) Martin Luther King (d) Marcus Garvey
18
110. Who wrote the book ‘Gandhi’s Rise to Power’ and used the world ‘sub-contractors’ for Rajendra
Prasad, Sachchidanand Sinha and J.B. Kriplani?
(a) W.W. Hunter (b) Judith Brown
(c) R.C. Majumdar (d) Lord Wavell
111. Who established the organisation “Depressed Classes Mission Society”?
(a) Jyotiba Phule (b) B.R. Shinde
(c) B.R. Ambedkar (d) M.G. Ranade
112. Consider the following statements :
1. The Harmonious state, which had a preoccupation with legitimation, arose during the first phase of
capitalist industrialization.
2. The Accumulative State corresponded to the second wave of capitalist industrialization. It made
accumulation its own mechanisms of legitimation.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) only 1 (b) only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
113. The Cripps Mission rejected the League demand for a separate sovereign state of Pakistan as:
(a) Inadequate (b) Invalid
(c) Impossible (d) Impracticable
114. “First Principle…. Second Principle… first priority rule… second priority rule…” – This type of
language is used to define Justice by :
(a) Michael Sandel (b) John Rawls
(c) Charles Tailor (d) Alexander MacIntyre
115. Consider the following statements:
1. J.S. Mill supported Proportional Representation but did not support plural voting because he believed
in liberty.
2. J.S. Mill did not prefer unicameral parliament.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) only 1 (b) only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) neither 1 nor 2
116. A cantonment board is established for municipal administration for civilian population in the
cantonment area. It is set up according to a legislation enacted by Central Government. The
legislation is:
(a) Cantonments Act of 1878 (b) Cantonments Act of 1921
(c) Cantonments Act of 1924 (d) Cantonments Act of 1992
117. The Executive Office of the President (EOP), in the United States of America, consists of the top
staff agencies which aid and advice the President in carrying out his duties and responsibilities as
the administrative head of the executive branch of the government.
Consider the following statements about EOP :
1. This office was established in 1940 by the then president Franklin D. Roosevelt.
2. EOP was established by an executive order under the Reorganization Act of 1937.
3. The creation of this office to provide the President with a ‘general staff’ was recommended by the
Brownlow Committee (President’s Committee on Administrative Management) Report of 1937.
4. The White House office, The National Security Council and The Council on Environmental Quality are
some well known staff agencies, which are parts of Executive office of the President (EOP).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
19
118. Consider the following statements about Great Britain:
1. The primacy of the rights of the individual, is a salient feature of the Constitution of Great Britain that
is, the Constitution is the result of the rights of individual as defined by and enforced by the courts of
law, rather then the Constitution being the source of the individual rights.
2. At present there are 659 seats in the House of Commons and these are distributed among England,
Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
3. Privy Council, in its present form, came into existence in the fifteenth century as an advisory body to
the British monarch. Presently, it consists of 330 members and includes, inter alia, all cabinet
ministers. Past cabinet ministers are also included.
4. British Cabinet Secretarial became permanent on the recommendation of the Haldane Committee
Reoprt on the Machinery of the Government in Britain (1918).
5. The Fulton Committee submitted its report (about British Civil Service) in 1958 and observed that “we
seek to remedy”.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1, 3 and 5 (b) 1, 2, 3 and 5
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
119. Consider following statements about local governance:
1. Heterogeneity is the characteristic feature of the American system of local government.
2. The units of local government in the United States of America are more autonomous than the British
units of local government.
3. In France, the local government is neither autonomous nor self-governing.
4. In France, canton is the smallest unit of local government.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
120. At present, how many cantonment boards are there in India?
(a) 60 (b) 63
(c) 66 (d) 69
Interactive Online Test Series at : www.visioniasonline.com
Saturday, January 9, 2010
NUMBER INVESTIGATOR
Phone calls from unknown number is the worst disturbance for the people. For that many people will waste their time. Don't worry about that... I have found the great website that helps to find the unwanted phone number and their address. Yes the great website numberinvestigator.com will help you to rectify this problem. This company that gives the great opportunity to get the free Reverse Phone Number Lookup. With this company you could easy to trace that number and block them. It is one of the best company in the country. This company was created with the goal of creating a website listing annoying callers and telemarketers. It is not so easy to find. But you can trace and find all the detail with the help of this company.
Want to trace the name and address of the owner of that phone number? Then this is the great company for you. For that you need to visit their website and dedicated to Reverse Phone Number Lookup. And then reporting the phone numbers used by annoying callers and telemarketers. It helps to find out the origin of annoying calls and provide us with Phone Number Information. The company Number Investigator is not only helps people trace, track down and control annoying callers. The one of the main advantage of this company is they providing this services for totally free. The middle night phone call is one of the big problem for the people. If you complain to this website they will track that person and find his address with all the details. Their reverse phone traces are provided in partnership with several data. They provides this services with pulled from utility records, cell phone providers and other sources both public and private. So you will get the correct Phone Number Information for free. They have find about the owner of that phone number and the call is coming from which place. Their system allows you to report telemarketers, scammers, fraudsters, debt collectors and other annoying callers in an effort to build a global database. They have provide the wonderful customer services. Fore more information visit their website http://www.numberinvestigator.com.
Want to trace the name and address of the owner of that phone number? Then this is the great company for you. For that you need to visit their website and dedicated to Reverse Phone Number Lookup. And then reporting the phone numbers used by annoying callers and telemarketers. It helps to find out the origin of annoying calls and provide us with Phone Number Information. The company Number Investigator is not only helps people trace, track down and control annoying callers. The one of the main advantage of this company is they providing this services for totally free. The middle night phone call is one of the big problem for the people. If you complain to this website they will track that person and find his address with all the details. Their reverse phone traces are provided in partnership with several data. They provides this services with pulled from utility records, cell phone providers and other sources both public and private. So you will get the correct Phone Number Information for free. They have find about the owner of that phone number and the call is coming from which place. Their system allows you to report telemarketers, scammers, fraudsters, debt collectors and other annoying callers in an effort to build a global database. They have provide the wonderful customer services. Fore more information visit their website http://www.numberinvestigator.com.
DEC 21 2012 - END OF D WORLD???
2012 - End of the world
Do you know about end of world will happen in 2012. In internet i saw some where reasons for it. These days there are many news in newspapers and television that Year 2012 will be the end of World. Due to many reasons as Global Warming is rising, Mayan Calendar, The Polar Shift Theory, The Bible Code & Nostradamus Prophesies, the new Planet "Nibiru" will be there in our Solar System and that will be end of our Life.
Mayan Calendar: The ancient Mayan calendar states that the world will end in December 21, 2012. The Mayan civilization flourished in Central America from the 6 AD to 9 AD. They were obsessed with time keeping, and in fact, their calender were so incredibly precise that its interlocking time scales of lunar, solar, and planetary cycles could accurately predict solar-lunar eclipses thousands of years into the future. This accurate calendar however mysteriously ends on December 21, 2012.
It states that on December 21, 2012, the sun rises on the dark rift of the center of the milky way which is referred to as a black hole. In the last five years the western astronomers have in fact discovered that there is in fact an enormous black hole at the center of our milky way galaxy. The contemporary astronomers concur with the Mayans. On 21st of December, 2012 the Earth will be in exact alignment with the Sun and the center of our milky way galaxy, a galactic event which takes place only once every 25,800 years. No one knows what effect this extraordinary alignment will have on our planet, but the Mayans believe it would be terrible.
The Polar Shift Theory: Geophysicists have a theory that is strikingly similar to the events predicted by the Mayan alignment. The phenomenon is called the “polar shift” in which the entire mantle of the earth would shift in a matter of days or perhaps hours during such galactic events causing positions of the north and south pole to change, further causing worldwide disaster, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and other natural disasters.
Planet X or Nibiru Planet: This theory suggests that the real cause of climate changes, volcanic activities, and intensification of the seismic activity etc. is the planet Eris’s getting closer to our solar system once in 3600 years, named as 2003-UB-313, which ultimately results in the melting of the glaciers. This Planet Eris or so called “Nibiru” was first observed in October 21, 2003, using 1.22 m Oschin telescope at Mount Palomar Observatory(California). It is said to have passed between Mars and Jupiter some 7200 years ago, which most probably had triggered the cataclysm Noah’s flood and again this will be at the close proximity to Earth between 2010 and 2012, which can cause massive melting of the glaciers, causing huge tidal waves and ultimately, the return of the Noah’s flood.
I Ching: Another sets of factors backing up this December 21, 2012 Doomsday is the I Ching prophecy. Despite the views of skeptics, the 5000 years old I Ching has become an oracle of the doomsday. The highs and lows of the I Ching graphs seems to have accurately corresponded to the fall of the roman empire, discover of the new world, and world wars of the 20th century, and the strangest things of all was the time line came to an end to the exact specific date December 21, 2012. Is it a coincidence that both prophecies of I Ching and Mayan Calendar came to the same exact date and time? In fact, many world’s religions and most famous prophets reference that something cataclysmic will happen around December 21, 2012. The medieval predictions of Merlin, The Book of Revelation, and the well-known Chinese Oracle of the “I Ching” all point to this specific date as the end of civilization.
Nostradamus Prophesies: According to the certain algorithms of Bible code, a meteor,asteroid, or comet will soon collide with the Earth. Everybody knows the Nostradamus prophesies, that have very accurately predicting many world leaders rising to power and major events in the past. His prophesies were accurate in predicting the demise of the World Trade Centers in 2001 as well. Even the book “The Nostradamus Code” further speaks of a series of natural disasters caused by some kind of a “comet” and those studying the Prophecies of Nostradamus states that he might have further indicated the possibility of a “Third World War” where nuclear wars can create “comet-like” mass destructions everywhere. So are we going to have a Third World War? At the current scenario, it seems we might have - proving the Nostradamus Prophesies.
The Bible Code: If having scientists warning us about the end of the world isn't bad enough,religious folks are getting in on the act aswell. Interpretations of the Christian Bible reveal that the date for Armageddon, the final battle between Good an Evil, has been set down for 2012. The I Ching, also known as the Chinese book of Changes, says the same thing, as do various sections of the Hindu teachings.
Even the high-tech oracles which is not even human, i.e., “Web-Bots” are predicting the end of the world as December 21, 2012, besides the Mayan, I Ching, Merlin, Book Of Revelation, etc. Is it just a coincidence or a meaningless pattern of random events?
Do you know about end of world will happen in 2012. In internet i saw some where reasons for it. These days there are many news in newspapers and television that Year 2012 will be the end of World. Due to many reasons as Global Warming is rising, Mayan Calendar, The Polar Shift Theory, The Bible Code & Nostradamus Prophesies, the new Planet "Nibiru" will be there in our Solar System and that will be end of our Life.
Mayan Calendar: The ancient Mayan calendar states that the world will end in December 21, 2012. The Mayan civilization flourished in Central America from the 6 AD to 9 AD. They were obsessed with time keeping, and in fact, their calender were so incredibly precise that its interlocking time scales of lunar, solar, and planetary cycles could accurately predict solar-lunar eclipses thousands of years into the future. This accurate calendar however mysteriously ends on December 21, 2012.
It states that on December 21, 2012, the sun rises on the dark rift of the center of the milky way which is referred to as a black hole. In the last five years the western astronomers have in fact discovered that there is in fact an enormous black hole at the center of our milky way galaxy. The contemporary astronomers concur with the Mayans. On 21st of December, 2012 the Earth will be in exact alignment with the Sun and the center of our milky way galaxy, a galactic event which takes place only once every 25,800 years. No one knows what effect this extraordinary alignment will have on our planet, but the Mayans believe it would be terrible.
The Polar Shift Theory: Geophysicists have a theory that is strikingly similar to the events predicted by the Mayan alignment. The phenomenon is called the “polar shift” in which the entire mantle of the earth would shift in a matter of days or perhaps hours during such galactic events causing positions of the north and south pole to change, further causing worldwide disaster, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and other natural disasters.
Planet X or Nibiru Planet: This theory suggests that the real cause of climate changes, volcanic activities, and intensification of the seismic activity etc. is the planet Eris’s getting closer to our solar system once in 3600 years, named as 2003-UB-313, which ultimately results in the melting of the glaciers. This Planet Eris or so called “Nibiru” was first observed in October 21, 2003, using 1.22 m Oschin telescope at Mount Palomar Observatory(California). It is said to have passed between Mars and Jupiter some 7200 years ago, which most probably had triggered the cataclysm Noah’s flood and again this will be at the close proximity to Earth between 2010 and 2012, which can cause massive melting of the glaciers, causing huge tidal waves and ultimately, the return of the Noah’s flood.
I Ching: Another sets of factors backing up this December 21, 2012 Doomsday is the I Ching prophecy. Despite the views of skeptics, the 5000 years old I Ching has become an oracle of the doomsday. The highs and lows of the I Ching graphs seems to have accurately corresponded to the fall of the roman empire, discover of the new world, and world wars of the 20th century, and the strangest things of all was the time line came to an end to the exact specific date December 21, 2012. Is it a coincidence that both prophecies of I Ching and Mayan Calendar came to the same exact date and time? In fact, many world’s religions and most famous prophets reference that something cataclysmic will happen around December 21, 2012. The medieval predictions of Merlin, The Book of Revelation, and the well-known Chinese Oracle of the “I Ching” all point to this specific date as the end of civilization.
Nostradamus Prophesies: According to the certain algorithms of Bible code, a meteor,asteroid, or comet will soon collide with the Earth. Everybody knows the Nostradamus prophesies, that have very accurately predicting many world leaders rising to power and major events in the past. His prophesies were accurate in predicting the demise of the World Trade Centers in 2001 as well. Even the book “The Nostradamus Code” further speaks of a series of natural disasters caused by some kind of a “comet” and those studying the Prophecies of Nostradamus states that he might have further indicated the possibility of a “Third World War” where nuclear wars can create “comet-like” mass destructions everywhere. So are we going to have a Third World War? At the current scenario, it seems we might have - proving the Nostradamus Prophesies.
The Bible Code: If having scientists warning us about the end of the world isn't bad enough,religious folks are getting in on the act aswell. Interpretations of the Christian Bible reveal that the date for Armageddon, the final battle between Good an Evil, has been set down for 2012. The I Ching, also known as the Chinese book of Changes, says the same thing, as do various sections of the Hindu teachings.
Even the high-tech oracles which is not even human, i.e., “Web-Bots” are predicting the end of the world as December 21, 2012, besides the Mayan, I Ching, Merlin, Book Of Revelation, etc. Is it just a coincidence or a meaningless pattern of random events?
YS HELICOPTER CRASH
Enemy Of Larry Summers’ Ex-Boss Dies In Mysterious Helicopter Crash
By Mark Ames
India Helicopter
What does the mysterious helicopter crash that killed one of India’s most popular politicians have to do with White House economic czar Larry Summers? Read on…
First, the crash: one of India’s most popular politicians, who heads the state of Andhra Pradesh, just died in a mysterious helicopter crash. What’s eerie is that the dead politician recently went public attacking India’s most powerful oligarch family, the Ambanis, threatening to take away their giant offshore gas concessions. Meanwhile the Ambani brothers, Mukesh (the world’s 7th richest man) and Anil (the world’s 34 richest) are battling each other in a blood feud that’s taking the whole country down with them–that’s not a hornet’s nest you’d want to stick your fingers into, even if you’re the governor of a huge Indian province. The Ambani brothers’ feud peaked in May when Anil’s helicopter was found to have been sabotaged just before takeoff (read about it here). Anil strongly hinted he suspected Mukesh, but no one will ever know who did it, because the mechanic who discovered the dirt and gravel in Anil Ambani’s helicopter gear box was hit by a train two days later in what was initially ruled as a “suicide,” but which later was ruled murder.
So why would an Ambani have anything to do with the mysterious helicopter crash of Andhra Pradesh’s Chief Minister Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy? Just speculatin’ on a hypothesis, as the police chief says in Miller’s Crossing, and here’s why:
Just over a month ago, as the Ambani brothers’ insane internecine war over offshore gas deposits dragged on with no end in sight, Reddy publicly demanded that his state, Andhra Pradesh, take a share of the gas deposits for itself:
Even as the two Ambani brothers are locked in a legal battle over supply and price of gas from the Krishna-Godavari basin, the Andhra Pradesh government has sought its “due share” of the hydrocarbon asset.
He even attacked the brothers’ mother, who brokered the deal dividing up India’s gas between her feuding sons:
Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Y S Rajasekhara Reddy on Sunday said that the settlement of the gas dispute between the Ambani brothers could not be left to their mother Kokilaben and the Centre must play a decisive role, for which he has written to the Prime Minister.
“The dispute over sharing of gas is not an issue to be settled by (the) mother (Kokilaben). It is for the government to decide who should get the gas and also at what price,” Reddy said on the sidelines of a function here.
Ah, Y.S., you shouldn’ta attacked their mother. Next thing you know…Reddy’s deady.
summers-sleeping
Oh, and by the way, don’t forget this one little fun-fact: Larry Summers, the guy appointed by Obama to run America’s economy, worked for Mukesh Ambani right up until he took his White House job. We’re in good hands, folks.
By Mark Ames
India Helicopter
What does the mysterious helicopter crash that killed one of India’s most popular politicians have to do with White House economic czar Larry Summers? Read on…
First, the crash: one of India’s most popular politicians, who heads the state of Andhra Pradesh, just died in a mysterious helicopter crash. What’s eerie is that the dead politician recently went public attacking India’s most powerful oligarch family, the Ambanis, threatening to take away their giant offshore gas concessions. Meanwhile the Ambani brothers, Mukesh (the world’s 7th richest man) and Anil (the world’s 34 richest) are battling each other in a blood feud that’s taking the whole country down with them–that’s not a hornet’s nest you’d want to stick your fingers into, even if you’re the governor of a huge Indian province. The Ambani brothers’ feud peaked in May when Anil’s helicopter was found to have been sabotaged just before takeoff (read about it here). Anil strongly hinted he suspected Mukesh, but no one will ever know who did it, because the mechanic who discovered the dirt and gravel in Anil Ambani’s helicopter gear box was hit by a train two days later in what was initially ruled as a “suicide,” but which later was ruled murder.
So why would an Ambani have anything to do with the mysterious helicopter crash of Andhra Pradesh’s Chief Minister Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy? Just speculatin’ on a hypothesis, as the police chief says in Miller’s Crossing, and here’s why:
Just over a month ago, as the Ambani brothers’ insane internecine war over offshore gas deposits dragged on with no end in sight, Reddy publicly demanded that his state, Andhra Pradesh, take a share of the gas deposits for itself:
Even as the two Ambani brothers are locked in a legal battle over supply and price of gas from the Krishna-Godavari basin, the Andhra Pradesh government has sought its “due share” of the hydrocarbon asset.
He even attacked the brothers’ mother, who brokered the deal dividing up India’s gas between her feuding sons:
Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Y S Rajasekhara Reddy on Sunday said that the settlement of the gas dispute between the Ambani brothers could not be left to their mother Kokilaben and the Centre must play a decisive role, for which he has written to the Prime Minister.
“The dispute over sharing of gas is not an issue to be settled by (the) mother (Kokilaben). It is for the government to decide who should get the gas and also at what price,” Reddy said on the sidelines of a function here.
Ah, Y.S., you shouldn’ta attacked their mother. Next thing you know…Reddy’s deady.
summers-sleeping
Oh, and by the way, don’t forget this one little fun-fact: Larry Summers, the guy appointed by Obama to run America’s economy, worked for Mukesh Ambani right up until he took his White House job. We’re in good hands, folks.
INDIAN FREEDOM STRUGGLE(౧౮౫౭-౧౯౪౭)
Indian Freedom Struggle (1857-1947)
In ancient times, people from all over the world were keen to come to India. The Aryans came from Central Europe and settled down in India.The Persians followed by the Iranians and Parsis immigrated to India. Then came the Moghuls and they too settled down permanently in India. Chengis Khan, the Mongolian, invaded and looted India many times. Alexander the Great too, came to conquer India but went back after a battle with Porus. He-en Tsang from China came in pursuit of knowledge and to visit the ancient Indian universities of Nalanda and Takshila. Columbus wanted to come to India, but instead landed on the shores of America. Vasco da Gama from Portugal came to trade his country's goods in return for Indian species. The French came and established their colonies in India.
Lastly, the Britishers came and ruled over India for nearly 200 years. After the battle of Plassey in 1757, the British achieved political power in India. And their paramountcy was established during the tenure of Lord Dalhousie, who became the Governor- General in 1848. He annexed Punjab, Peshawar and the Pathan tribes in the north-west of India. And by 1856, the British conquest and its authority were firmly established. And while the British power gained its heights during the middle of the 19th century, the discontent of the local rulers, the peasantry, the intellectuals, common masses as also of the soldiers who became unemployed due to the disbanding of the armies of various states that were annexed by the British, became widespread. This soon broke out into a revolt which assumed the dimensions of the 1857 Mutiny.
The Indian Mutiny of 1857
The conquest of India, which could be said to have begun with the Battle of Plassey (1757), was practically completed by the end of Dalhousie's tenure in 1856. It had been by no means a smooth affair as the simmering discontent of the people manifested itself in many localized revolt during this period. However, the Mutiny of 1857, which began with a revolt of the military soldiers at Meerut, soon became widespread and posed a grave challenge to the British rule. Even though the British succeeded in crushing it within a year, it was certainly a popular revolt in which the Indian rulers, the masses and the militia participated so enthusiastically that it came to be regarded as the First War of Indian Independence.
Introduction of zamindari system by the British, where the peasants were ruined through exorbitant charges made from them by the new class of landlords. The craftsmen were destroyed by the influx of the British manufactured goods. The religion and the caste system which formed the firm foundation of the traditional Indian society was endangered by the British administration. The Indian soldiers as well as people in administration could not rise in hierarchy as the senior jobs were reserved for the Europeans. Thus, there was all-round discontent and disgust against the British rule, which burst out in a revolt by the 'sepoys' at Meerut whose religious sentiments were offended when they were given new cartridges greased with cow and pig fat, whose covering had to be stripped out by biting with the mouth before using them in rifles. The Hindu as well as the Muslim soldiers, who refused to use such cartridges, were arrested which resulted in a revolt by their fellow soldiers on May 9, 1857.
The rebel forces soon captured Delhi and the revolt spread to a wider area and there was uprising in almost all parts of the country. The most ferocious battles were fought in Delhi, Awadh, Rohilkhand, Bundelkhand, Allahabad, Agra, Meerut and western Bihar. The rebellious forces under the commands of Kanwar Singh in Bihar and Bakht Khan in Delhi gave a stunning blow to the British. In Kanpur, Nana Sahib was proclaimed as the Peshwa and the brave leader Tantya Tope led his troops. Rani Lakshmibai was proclaimed the ruler of Jhansi who led her troops in the heroic battles with the British. The Hindus, the Muslims, the Sikhs and all the other brave sons of India fought shoulder to shoulder to throw out the British. The revolt was controlled by the British within one year, it began from Meerut on 10 May 1857 and ended in Gwalior on 20 June 1858.
End of the East India Company
Consequent to the failure of the Revolt of 1857 rebellion, one also saw the end of the East India Company's rule in India and many important changes took place in the British Government's policy towards India which sought to strengthen the British rule through winning over the Indian princes, the chiefs and the landlords. Queen Victoria's Proclamation of November 1, 1858 declared that thereafter India would be governed by and in the name of the British Monarch through a Secretary of State.
The Governor General was given title of Viceroy, which meant the representative of the Monarch. Queen Victoria assumed the title of the Empress of India and thus gave the British Government unlimited powers to intervene in the internal affair of the Indian states. In brief, the British paramountcy over India, including the Indian States, was firmly established. The British gave their support to the loyal princes, zamindar and local chiefs but neglected the educated people and the common masses. They also promoted the other interests like those of the British merchants, industrialists, planters and civil servants. The people of India, as such, did not have any say in running the government or formulation of its policies. Consequently, people's disgust with the British rule kept mounting, which gave rise to the birth of Indian National Movement.
The leadership of the freedom movement passed into the hands of reformists like Raja Rammohan Roy, Bankim Chandra and Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar. During this time, the binding psychological concept of National Unity was also forged in the fire of the struggle against a common foreign oppressor.
Raja Rammohan Roy (1772-1833) founded the Brahmo Samaj in 1828 which aimed at purging the society of all its evil practices. He worked for eradicating evils like sati, child marriage and purdah system, championed widow marriage and women's education and favoured English system of education in India. It was through his effort that sati was declared a legal offence by the British.
Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902) the disciple of Ramakrishna Pramhamsa, established the Ramkrishna Mission at Belur in 1897. He championed the supremacy of Vedantic philosophy. His talk at the Chicago (USA) Conference of World Religions in 1893 made the westerners realize the greatness of Hinduism for the first time.
Formation of Indian National Congress (INC)
The foundations of the Indian National Movement were laid by Suredranath Banerjee with the formation of Indian Association at Calcutta in 1876. The aim of the Association was to represent the views of the educated middle class, inspire the Indian community to take the value of united action. The Indian Association was, in a way, the forerunner of the Indian National Congress, which was founded, with the help of A.O. Hume, a retired British official. The birth of Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885 marked the entry of new educated middle-class into politics and transformed the Indian political horizon. The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay in December 1885 under the president ship of Womesh Chandra Banerjee and was attended among others by and Badr-uddin-Tyabji.
At the turn of the century, the freedom movement reached out to the common unlettered man through the launching of the "Swadeshi Movement" by leaders such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Aurobindo Ghose. The Congress session at Calcutta in 1906, presided by Dadabhai Naoroji, gave a call for attainment of 'Swaraj' a type of self-government elected by the people within the British Dominion, as it prevailed in Canada and Australia, which were also the parts of the British Empire.
Meanwhile, in 1909, the British Government announced certain reforms in the structure of Government in India which are known as Morley-Minto Reforms. But these reforms came as a disappointment as they did not mark any advance towards the establishment of a representative Government. The provision of special representation of the Muslim was seen as a threat to the Hindu-Muslim unity on which the strength of the National Movement rested. So, these reforms were vehemently opposed by all the leaders, including the Muslim leader Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Subsequently, King George V made two announcements in Delhi: firstly, the partition of Bengal, which had been effected in 1905, was annulled and, secondly, it was announced that the capital of India was to be shifted from Calcutta to Delhi.
The disgust with the reforms announced in 1909 led to the intensification of the struggle for Swaraj. While, on one side, the extremist led by the great leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipin Chandra Pal waged a virtual war against the British, on the other side, the revolutionaries stepped up their violent activities There was a widespread unrest in the country. To add to the already growing discontent among the people, Rowlatt Act was passed in 1919, which empowered the Government to put people in jail without trial. This caused widespread indignation, led to massive demonstration and hartals, which the Government repressed with brutal measures like the Jaliawalla Bagh massacre, where thousand of unarmed peaceful people were gunned down on the order of General Dyer.
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
Jalianwala Bagh massacre of April 13, 1919 was one of the most inhuman acts of the British rulers in India. The people of Punjab gathered on the auspicious day of Baisakhi at Jalianwala Bagh, adjacent to Golden Temple (Amritsar), to lodge their protest peacefully against persecution by the British Indian Government. General Dyer appeared suddenly with his armed police force and fired indiscriminately at innocent empty handed people leaving hundreds of people dead, including women and children.
After the First World War (1914-1918), Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi became the undisputed leader of the Congress. During this struggle, Mahatma Gandhi had developed the novel technique of non-violent agitation, which he called 'Satyagraha', loosely translated as 'moral domination'. Gandhi, himself a devout Hindu, also espoused a total moral philosophy of tolerance, brotherhood of all religions, non-violence (ahimsa) and of simple living. With this, new leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose also emerged on the scene and advocated the adoption of complete independence as the goal of the National Movement.
he Non-Cooperation Movement
The Non-Cooperation Movement was pitched in under leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress from September 1920 to February 1922, marking a new awakening in the Indian Independence Movement. After a series of events including the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, Gandhiji realised that there was no prospect of getting any fair treatment at the hands of British, so he planned to withdraw the nation's co-operation from the British Government, thus launching the Non-Cooperation Movement and thereby marring the administrative set up of the country. This movement was a great success as it got massive encouragement to millions of Indians. This movement almost shook the British authorities.
Simon Commission
The Non-cooperation movement failed. Therefore there was a lull in political activities. The Simon Commission was sent to India in 1927 by the British Government to suggest further reforms in the structure of Indian Government. The Commission did not include any Indian member and the Government showed no intention of accepting the demand for Swaraj. Therefore, it sparked a wave of protests all over the country and the Congress as well as the Muslim League gave a call to boycott it under the leadership of Lala Lajpat Rai. The crowds were lathi charged and Lala Lajpat Rai, also called Sher-e-Punjab (Lion of Punjab) died of the blows received in an agitation.
Civil Disobedience Movement
Mahatma Gandhi led the Civil Disobedience Movement that was launched in the Congress Session of December 1929. The aim of this movement was a complete disobedience of the orders of the British Government. During this movement it was decided that India would celebrate 26th January as Independence Day all over the country. On 26th January 1930, meetings were held all over the country and the Congress tricolour was hoisted. The British Government tried to repress the movement and resorted to brutal firing, killing hundreds of people. Thousands were arrested along with Gandhiji and Jawaharlal Nehru. But the movement spread to all the four corners of the country Following this, Round Table Conferences were arranged by the British and Gandhiji attended the second Round Table Conference at London. But nothing came out of the conference and the Civil Disobedience Movement was revived.
During this time, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were arrested on the charges of throwing a bomb in the Central Assembly Hall (which is now Lok Sabha). And were hanged to death on March 23, 1931.
Quit India Movement
In August 1942, Gandhiji started the 'Quit India Movement' and decided to launch a mass civil disobedience movement 'Do or Die' call to force the British to leave India. The movement was followed, nonetheless, by large-scale violence directed at railway stations, telegraph offices, government buildings, and other emblems and institutions of colonial rule. There were widespread acts of sabotage, and the government held Gandhi responsible for these acts of violence, suggesting that they were a deliberate act of Congress policy. However, all the prominent leaders were arrested, the Congress was banned and the police and army were brought out to suppress the movement.
Meanwhile, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, who stealthily ran away from the British detention in Calcutta, reached foreign lands and organized the Indian National Army (INA) to overthrow the British from India.
The Second World War broke out in September of 1939 and without consulting the Indian leaders, India was declared a warring state (on behalf of the British) by the Governor General. Subhash Chandra Bose, with the help of Japan, preceded fighting the British forces and not only freed Andaman and Nicobar Islands from the Britishers but also entered the north-eastern border of India. But in 1945 Japan was defeated and Netaji proceeded from Japan through an aeroplane to a place of safety but met with an accident and it was given out that he died in that air-crash itself.
"Give me blood and I shall give you freedom" - was one of the most popular statements made by him, where he urges the people of India to join him in his freedom movement.
Partition of India and Pakistan
At the conclusion of the Second World War, the Labour Party, under Prime Minister Clement Richard Attlee, came to power in Britain. The Labour Party was largely sympathetic towards Indian people for freedom. A Cabinet Mission was sent to India in March 1946, which after a careful study of the Indian political scenario, proposed the formation of an interim Government and convening of a Constituent Assembly comprising members elected by the provincial legislatures and nominees of the Indian states. An interim Government was formed headed by Jawaharlal Nehru. However, the Muslim League refused to participate in the deliberations of the Constituent Assembly and pressed for the separate state for Pakistan. Lord Mountbatten, the Viceroy of India, presented a plan for the division of India into India and Pakistan, and the Indian leaders had no choice but to accept the division, as the Muslim League was adamant.
Thus, India became free at the stroke of midnight, on August 14, 1947. (Since then, every year India celebrates its Independence Day on 15th August). Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minster of free India and continued his term till 1964. Giving voice to the sentiments of the nation, Prime Minister, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru said,
Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes when we will redeem our pledge, not wholly or in full measure, but very substantially. At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom. A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance.... We end today a period of ill fortune, and India discovers herself again.
Earlier, a Constituent Assembly was formed in July 1946, to frame the Constitution of India and Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected its President. The Constitution of India which was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949. On January 26, 1950, the Constitution was came into force and Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected the first President of India.
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